| c.380 | Illyria, under king Bardyllis 393-58, becomes a single kingdom. | 380 vrb 374 Dur 2-725 |
| c.380 | GORGIAS of Leontini dies age 108 in Larissa Thessaly. Sophist, showman, vascillated between moralism and nihilism. Aristotle says of him, "He attracted the attention of the most admired men, Critias and Alcibiades who were young, and Thucydides and Pericles who were already old. Agathon too, the tragic poet, whom Comedy regards as wise and eloquent, often Gorgianizes in his iambic verse." |
380 CDCC 400, Dur 2-727, wikGrg 376 B76 10-1093 |
| c.380 | EUCLEIDES of Megara, former associate of Socrates, founder of Megarian school c.400, dies. | 380 OCD 413 374 Dur 2-725 |
| c.380 | THEAETETOS, pupil of Theodoros, mathematician of Athens, flourishes. Λ GEOMETRY V: Constructs theoretically the 5 regular solids. Discovers ways to inscribe them in spheres. Believed to be source of Euclid's "Elements" books 10 and 13. (See Archytas 390) |
420-11 TTS 375 Dur 2-458 no date: OCD 1051 |
| c.380 | LYSIAS, leading orator and legal speech writer in Athens from 412/1, age 80, dies. | 380 CDCC 537, Dur 2-734, OCD 80, 631, 263 378 GHH, MCAW 153 |
| c.380 | DEMOPHILOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 381, ends. PYTHEAS succeeds until 379. | 380 wikEA |
| c.380 | ISOCRATES on Chios, publishes Panegyrics after 10 years composition. Presents the Greek world as being in a state of political and social turmoil. Blasts Spartan imperialism. Preaches repudiation of King's Peace, advocates a panhellenic crusade against Persia under leadership of Athens. | 381/0 CAH 6-164 380 B76 9-1031, CAH 6-529, 598, Dur 2-458, OCD 554 |
| c.380 | LEODAMAS of Thasos, mathematician, flourishes. Proclus will say that he and Archytas of Taras increase the number of geometric theorems and arrange them more scientifically. | 380 wikLdm |
| c.380 | Pro Spartan faction in PHLIOS in northwest Argolis complains to Sparta about mistreatment by govt. |  |
380 prsΦl |
| c.380 | PHLIOS, population 5,000, besieged by Spartans under Agesilaeos. Holds out 20 months. | 381 CAH 6 380 GHH, wikΦl |
| c.380 | AGESIPOLIS-I, Agiad king of Sparta, storms Torone in Chalcidice. | 380 DGRBM 1-70, wikAg1 |
| c.380 | AGESIPOLIS-I dies. Agiad king of Sparta from 395, subordinate to Agesilaos-II, gets a fever in Chalcidice and dies in town of Aphytis. Bro CLEOMBROTOS succeeds as Agiad king to 371. | 381 mid CAH 6-161 380 DGRBM 1-791, GHH, MRDK, OCD 1007, bk, lvG, rcPl, wikAg1, wikKS |
| c.380 | Spartans defeated at Olynthos Chalcidice. | 380 bk |
| c.380 | Spartan POLYBIADES is sent out as harmost to replace Agesipolis in Chalcidice. | 380 CAH 6-161, DGRBM, GHH |
| c.380 | Athenian general CHABRIAS, in Egypt from 38?, recalled to Greece by Persian instigation. | 380 MCAW 152 |
| c.380 | Temple of ASCLEPIOS begun at Epidauros Argolis until 360. | 380 CAH 6 |
| c.380 | Athenian SCULPTURE after 380 drops its pious majesty in favor of emotion and sensuality. | 380 CAH 6 |
Roman copies of missing or damaged Timotheos originals
 Caracas1830 |
 Marsyas |
 Marsyas |
 Marsyas |
 Marsyas |
| c.380 | TIMOTHEOS is apparently the leading sculptor at the temple of Asklepios at Epidauros, and makes decorative figures placed above the pediments for it. | 380 wikTm 375 infpl |
| c.379 | 1st OLYNTHIAN WAR from 382, between Sparta and the Chalcidian League, ends. | 379 wik1OW |
| c.379 | 
CHALCIDIAN LEAGUE, begun 432, dissolved by Spartans until ?. Cities of Chalcidice become subordinate allies of Sparta. Sparta imposes terms favorable to Amyntas of Macedonia. League ends 358. |
379 B76 I-333, 711, 8-363, CAH 6-162, LEWH 77, MCAW 152, OCD 225 |
| c.379 | ACANTHOS Chalcidice, in Chalcidian League from 392, again allies with Sparta, then comes under Macedonia until 200. | 379 rcSB2 |
| c.379 | PHLIOS, a city in northwest Argolis, democracy from 384, becomes aristocracy until 339. | 379 rcPl |
| c.379 | OLYNTHOS on mainland Chalcidice, independent from 432, starved to surrender to Polybiades, comes under Sparta until 375. | 379 B76 II-711, 8-363, CAH 6, CDCC 23, DGRBM 3-443, DGRG 1-589, GHH, LEWH 77, OCD 225, RAH 301, rcSB2 |
| c.379 | PYTHEAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 380, ends. NIKON succeeds until 378. | 379 wikEA |
| c. 379 | PHLIOS in Argolis, besieged by Spartans 20 months, surrenders, Agesilaos appoints an oligarchic council of 100 (half from the exiles, half from the besieged), with power of life and death over citizens, and authorises a new constitution. Anti-Spartan faction is exiled. To ensure that the committee behaves properly, Agesilaos-II leaves a garrison and 6 months pay. |
379 CAH 6-162, DGRBM, GHH, prsΦl 379/8 wikΦl |
| c.379 | ARGOS, allied with Corinth from 395, becomes independent republic until 266. | Dec 379 rcPl |
| c.379 | Theban exiles Pelopidas, Phillidas, Menecleidas, and Melon at Athens hatch a plot to liberate Thebes in conjunction with Charon inside Thebes. They plan to secure their own return and establish a democratic constitution at Thebes. | winter 379/8 CAH 6-164 |
| c.379 | NEMEA on north edge of Argolis, under Corinth from 450, comes back under Argos until ?. | 379 rcPl |
| c.379 | THEBES, allied with Sparta from 386, breaks alliance. | 379 rcSB3 |
| 379/8 | CADMEA (citadel of Thebes) occupied by Spartans from 382, recovered by coup of exiled Theban democrats under PELOPIDAS. Spartans are massacred. Pro-Spartan Theban oligarchs Leontiades, Philippos, and Archias are murdered. New boeotarchs are elected for 1st time since 386, including Melon, Charon, Pelopidas, and perhaps Gorgidas, who claim the right to rule all Boeotia. Democracy established in Thebes until ?. | 379 B76 I-506, VII-842, 6-902, 8-363, CDCC 656, 878, DGRA 205, DGRBM 2-22, 864, 1035, 3-179, 270, Dur 2-458, GHH, LEWH 77, OHG, TToH, lvG, rcSB3 379/8 CAH 6, MCAW 152, OCD 795 378 OCD 1052, bk |
| 379/8 |  Cleombrotos king of Sparta, marching on the road from Kreusis Boeotia to Aegosthena Megaris in winter, overtaken by a violent storm. The wind rips the shields from the soldiers hands, and many asses are blown over the cliff into the Corinthian Gulf. |
379 DGRG 1-36, 705 |
| c.378 | MARONIA Thrace, under Spartan influence from 404, becomes autonomous city-state until 357. | 378 rcSB2 |
| c.378 | Thebes and Athens ally against Agesilaos-II of Sparta until 371. | 378 B76 8-363, DGRBM, GHH, LEWH 77, OHG 378/7 MCAW 152 |
| c.378 | NIKON, eponymous archon of Athens from 379, ends. NAUSINIKOS succeeds until 377. | 378 wikEA |
| c.378 | Athenians CHABRIAS, TIMOTHEOS, and Callistratos command troops sent to help Thebes against Agesilaos-II of Sparta. | 378 DGRBM 1-577, 676, 3-1145 |
| c.378 |  Light-armed Athenian troops under Chabrias are sent to hold the road thru Eleutherae in Megaris against Cleombrotos king of Sparta. |
379/8 CAH 6-166 |
| c.378 | CLEOMBROTOS, Agiad king of Sparta 380-71, takes a different road thru Plataea to invade Boeotia. Destroys a Theban guard post on top of Cithaeron Mountains between Plataea and Eleutherae, goes to Thespia, where he leaves Sphodrias as harmost with a third of his allied troops and money to hire mercenaries. After 16 days in Theban territory Cleombrotos leads his army home, wondering whether they were at war with Thebes or not. |
379/8 CAH 6-166 378 DGRBM 1-791, DGRBM 3-896 |
| c.378 | THESPIA Boeotia voluntarily becomes a Spartan base against Thebes until 373. | 379 B76 IX-951 |
| c.378 | SACRED BAND formed by Gorgidas. 300 Theban soldiers grouped as pairs of lovers. | 378 OCD 943 378/7 MCAW 152 |
| c.378 | SPHODRIAS, harmost of Thespia induced by Beoetarchs Pelopidas and Gorgidas to invade Attica. | 378 DGRBM 3-179 |
| c.378 | SPHODRIAS, harmost of Thespia, probably with secret approval of Agesilaos-II, attacks the Piraeus, but fails to capture it. Athenians arrest the 3 Spartan envoys (including Etymocles), who insist, probably honestly, that they and Sparta knew nothing of it, and promise that Sphodrias would be tried and condemned to death. | 379/8 LEWH 77, MCAW 152 378 CAH 6-167, DGRBM 2-54, GHH, OCD 27, bk |
| c.378 | SPHODRIAS does not present himself for trial at Sparta, where his fate is debated, and the tears of his son Cleonymos get him acquitted. | 378 CAH 6-168, DGRBM 1-799 |
| c.378 | Athens declares war on Sparta. | 378 CAH 6 |
| c.378 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, invades BOEOTIA to conquer Thebes, establishes a base at Thespia. Repulsed by Thebes and CHABRIAS of Athens, who invents a new way to defend against hoplites. Agesilaos fortifies Thespia, leaves Phoebidas as harmost of Thespia, and goes home. |
378 B76 8-363, CAH 6-168, DGRBM 3-343, LEWH 77, OCD 27, 224-5, bk, lvG, wikCha |
| c.378 | Theban democrat PELOPIDAS is made ruler of all Boeotia until 371. | 378 CDCC 656 |
| c.378 | CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna elected strategos in Athens. | 378 OCD 196 |
| c. 378 | Athenian League, dissolved 386, renewed. 2ND ATHENIAN LEAGUE (technically 3rd) formed until 338 to counter Sparta, and supposedly to uphold King's Peace. Decisions made by a council of all members except Athens. Token respect for King's Peace 386 is claimed. Athens renounces former political domination, cleruchies, and garrisons, but commands in war. CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna: finance manager, IPHICRATES and CHABRIAS: generals, TIMOTHEOS son of Conon: admiral. Tribute is not even mentioned until 373. | 378 B76 8-363-4, BCoC 384, spring CAH 6, CDCC 104, 829, CDGRA 478, Dur 2-458, LEWH 77, OCD 196, 412, 969, 1027, OHG 170 378/7 MCAW 152, OCD 321 377 LEWH 77, OCD 320, RAH 301 |
| c.378 | ATHENS makes defensive alliances with BYZANTIUM and RHODES until 357, LESBOS until ?. | 378 B76 8-364, OCD 186 |
| c.378 | Λ CORCYRA V occupied by Athenian Timotheos until ?. | 378 rcSB3 |
| c.378 | BYZANTIUM, independent from 394, under influence of Athens from 390, joins 2nd Athenian League until 357. | 378 B76 8-364, CAH 6-167, OCD 186, rcT |
| c.378 | Athenian admiral IPHICRATES is sent as a mercenary commander to Anatolia to help Persian Pharnabazus to reconquer Egypt. | 378 wikIΦ |
| c.378 | THEBES joins 2nd Athenian League against Sparta until 371. | 378 B76 8-363, CAH 6, DGRBM, OCD 969, bk |
| c.378 | All taxable property of Athens amounts to about 6,000 talents. | 378 CDGRA 267 |
| c.378 | PHOEBIDAS harmost of Thespia raids Theban territory. Thebans attack Thespia and fail, but Phoebidas is killed. | 378 CAH 6-168 |
| c.378 | An Athenian orator named DEMOSTHENES (unrelated to Demosthenes d.413) dies, and leaves widow and 2 children: Demosthenes age 7, and a dau age 5. | 378 DGRBM 1-981 |
| c.378 | RHODES, and LESBOS join 2nd Athenian League until 357. | 393 B76 8-364, CAH 6-167, OCD 186 |
| c.378/7 | EUBOEA, independent from 386, joins 2nd Athenian League until 371. | 378/7 OCD 406, 412 377 CDCC 332 |
| c.377 | Thebes is forced to import grain. | 377 CAH 6-559 |
| c.377 | 2nd Athenian League quickly builds a new fleet, totally paid for by Athens. | 377 LEWH 77, OCD 140 |
| c.377 | Athens, by Decree of Aristoteles (Nobody seems to know who this guy is.), renounces claims to allied territories, including forced tribute and the policy of installing garrisoned CLERUCHIES in allied lands. This attracts more members to 2nd Athenian League. | 377 spring CAH 6-169, OCD 320, 969, 1027 |
| c.377 | Athenian tax structure, revised based on a reassessment of taxable wealth of both citizens and metics in Attica. Richer people collect taxes from less rich. Total assessment comes to 5,750 talents. Henceforth the EISPHORA (originally an emergency tax on capital wealth for military purposes, but more generalized from 428) reverts to an emergency tax. | 378/7 CAH 6-547 377 DGRA 449, MCAW 153 |
| c.377 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, invades BOEOTIA 2nd time, ravages land between Thebes and Tanagra, leaves garrisons behind in Boeotia, which will not last long. He is then forced to withdraw. After settling a civil disturbance at Thespia, Agesilaos returns home by way of Megara, where he gets sick and disappears from history till 371. |
377 CAH 6-172, DGRBM, GHH, LEWH 77, MCAW 152, OCD 27, bk, lvG |
| c.377 | JASON, tyrant of Pherae Thessaly 385-70, helps Theogenes sieze acropolis of Histiaea in Euboea. | 377 DGRBM 2-554 |
| c.377 | NAUSINIKOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 378, ends. KALLEAS succeeds until 376. | 377 wikEA |
| c.377 | HIPPOCRATES of Cos Island, physician, dies age 83 at Larissa Thessaly. | 380 EoΦ 4-6 377 or 359 Dur 2-730 377 B76 V-55, 8-943, RAH 284, TAWH 311, TToH, bk 357 DGRA 272, DGRBM, GHH, MCAW 161 |
| CONFUSION ALERT! NOT mathematician Hippocrates of CHIOS fl.460. | ||
| c.376 | 30,000 Triballi under King Hales crossed Mount Haemus and attack and destroy ABDERA Thrace under Athens from 408. Abdera joins 2nd Athenian League until 347. | 376 DGRG 1-2, rcSB2, wikCha 375 CAH 6-463 |
| c.376 | Because Agesilaos is ill, the annual Spartan invasion of Boeotia is entrusted to CLEOMBROTOS Agiad king of Sparta. But he finds the Thebans and Athenians holding passes of the Cithaeron mountains against him, turns back without engaging the enemy, and goes home. | spring 376 CAH 6-173, DGRBM 1-791, GHH |
| c.376 | Spartan allies, angry with Cleombrotos, urge Spartans to take to the sea and starve Athens into submission by a blockade, and point out that an army could be shipped to Boeotia. | 376 CAH 6-173, DGRBM 3-440 |
| c.376 | Spartans man 60 ships under Pollis, which control waters around Aegina, Ceos and Andros, and during summer 376 interferes with import of grain from Black Sea to Athens. | 376 CAH 6-173, DGRBM 3-440 |
| c.376 | CHABRIAS of Athens sails with 83 ships to besiege Naxos in Cyclades, crushes Spartan fleet under Pollis near Naxos, takes 3,000 prisoners, wins sea supremacy for Athens. Sale of the prisoners as slaves brings 100 talents. | 376 Sep CAH 6-173, CAH 6-557, CDCC 610, LEWH 77, OCD 140, 225, bk |
| c.376 | BOEOTIAN LEAGUE, dissolved from 386, renewed (in defiance of King's Peace 386) under Thebes as a democracy until 338. | 378 rcSB3 376 LEWH 77 371 B76 8-364 |
| c.376 | KALLEAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 377, ends. CHARISANDROS succeeds until 375. | 376 wikEA |
| c.376 | DEMOSTHENES age 7, is orphaned. His guardians Aphobos and 2 others handle his inheritance. | 376 DGRBM |
| c.376 | Athenian Middle Comedy poet ANAXANDRIDES wins his 1st of 10 prizes, this one at the Lenaea. | 376 GHH, wikAnx |
| c.376 | CHABRIAS of Athens defeats Thracians. | 376 wikθW |
| 376/5 | CHABRIAS of Athens negotiates peace between the Triballi and the king of Maronia, winning the Triballi to the Athenian side. | 376/5 wikCha |
| c.375 | Thebans invade Phocis. | 375 CAH 6 |
| c.375 | CHARISANDROS, eponymous archon of Athens from 376, ends. HIPPODAMAS succeeds until 374. | 375 wikEA |
| c.375 | King's Peace 386 renewed at Sparta, because Artaxerxes-II wants Greek mercenary help against Egypt. Renegotiated 371 | 375 CAH 6-83, 175 |
| c.375 | AMPHIPOLIS allies with Athens until 374. | 375 rcSB2 |
| c.375 | POLYDAMAS is elected tagos (boss) of Pharsalos Thessaly until 370 to resist Jason of Pherae. | 375 DGRBM 3-460 374 DGRA 1094, DGRBM |
| c.375 |  JASON, tyrant of Pherae Thessaly 385-70, elected tagos (boss) of Thessaly, controls all Thessalian towns except Pharsalos, which is under Polydamas. |
375 CDGRA 610, DGRBM 2-554 |
| c.375 | Λ CORCYRA, uncommitted from 410, joins 2nd Athenian League until 360, thereby gaining enmity of Sparta. | 375 B76 III-149, OCD 289, wikCrf |
| c. 375 | THYMARIDAS, Pythagorean, noted for work on prime numbers and simultaneous linear equations. MATH V: If the sum of n quantities be given, and also the sum of every pair containing a particular quantity, then this particular quantity is equal to 1/(n + 2) of the difference between the sums of these pairs and the first given sum. (See Hippasus 445, Theodoros 400, Archytas 390, Euclid 300) |
400-350 wikTmrd |
| c. 375 | Spartan garrison at Orchomenos in Boeotia raids Locris area, so Theban democrat PELOPIDAS, ruler of all Boeotia 378-71, hoping to find Orchomenos undefended, leads the Sacred Band to attack it. Orchomenos is defended successfully, but on his way home Pelopidas intercepts Spartans returning from Locris at Tegyra and defeats them. |
375 B76 VII-842, IX-928, mid CAH 6, CDCC 656, DGRBM 3-179, OCD 795, 943 |
| c.375 | Molossian state joins 2nd Athenian League until ?. | 375 CAH 6-438 |
| c.375 | Athamanians of southeast Epirus join 2nd Athenian League until ?. | 375 wikAθm |
| c.375 | Acarnanians, under Sparta from 390, rebel, join 2nd Athenian League until 371. | 375 OCD 2 |
| c.375 | Thebes asks Athens to send a fleet around the Peloponnese, so that Sparta would be too busy protecting its allies to bother with Boeotia. | 375 CAH 6-174 |
| c.375 | Athenian Timotheos sent with 60 ships, but low funds, to circle the Peloponnese, hopefully to prevent the Spartans from invading Boeotia. He ravages Laconia (Lacedaemonia). | 375 CAH 6-174, DGRBM 3-1145 |
| c.375 | Timotheos with 60 ships sails on to Corcyra, which he brings into Athenian alliance. | 375 DGRBM 3-1145 374 DGRBM, GHH |
| c.375 | Athenian Timotheos gains alliance of Cephalonians, Acarnanians, and Alcetas-I, king of Epirus. | 375 DGRBM 3-1145 |
| c.375 | 55 Spartan ships under Nicolochos are sent against Athenian Timotheos. | 375 DGRBM 3-1145 |
| c.375 | Timotheos with 60 ships defeats Spartan Nicolochos with 55 ships at Alyzia in Aetolia. | 375 CAH 6, DGRBM 3-1145 374 wikBN |
| c.375 | OLYNTHOS under Sparta from 379, independent in Chalcidian League until 348. |
375 rcSB2 |
| c.375 | 
KEPHISODOTOS (Cephisodotus) the Elder sculpts Eirene (peace) bearing the infant Ploutos (wealth), commissioned by Athens and set up on the Areopagus. He also made, as did his son, a figure of Hermes carrying the child Dionysus, unless ancient critics have made 2 works of 1. Only Roman copies of his works survive. |
photo Jastrow 380-70 wikCΦ |
400-350 SHIELD PATTERNS by Luke Sarson.
| c.375 | 
OXYBELES "bolt thrower" first used by Greeks. An oversized gastraphetes, a composite bow placed on a stand with a stock and trigger. |
drawing Arz 375 wikOx |
| 375/4 | MONEY: Athenian coinage law provides for acceptance of silver coins struck from the official die. | 375/4 CAH 7.1-281 |
| c.374 | TIMOTHEOS, son of Conon, in Adriatic from 375, recalled to Athens. | 374 CDCC 891, DGRBM 3-1145, MCAW 152, OCD 1077 |
| c.374 | Timotheos with 60 ships on his way home, drops some democratic Zakynthian exiles, who had fought with him at Alyzia, on Zakynthos and establishes them in a stronghold. This is a violation of the peace with Sparta. The oligarch party in Zakynthos complains to Sparta. | 374 CDCC 891, DGRBM, MCAW 152, OCD 1077 no date CAH 6-176 |
| c.374 | Spartan expedition, 23 ships under Aristocrates, to help ZAKYNTHOS. | 375/4 CAH 6-177 |
| c.374 | SPARTA, threatened by recruiting success of 2nd Athenian League, but backed by Syracuse and Persia, makes a new peace treaty with Athens. Sparta recognizes 2nd Athenian League, and retains supremacy in Peloponnese. Lasts until later 374. | 375 OCD 554, OHG 170 374 B76 8-364, DGRBM, GHH, MCAW 152 |
| c.374 | HIPPODAMAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 375, ends. SOCRATIDES succeeds until 373. | 374 wikEA |
| c.374 | JASON, tyrant of Pherae Thessaly 385-70, allies with Athens until ?. | |
374 MCAW 152 |
| c.374 | JASON, tyrant of Pherae, wins over PHARSALOS, gains control of all Thessaly. | 374 OCD 652 |
| c.374 | THESSALIAN LEAGUE re-established by Jason of Pherae. Run by Thessalian families: Aleuadae and Skopadae. Headquarters at Larissa. | 374 ancs |
| c.374 | Pro-Spartan faction in CORCYRA, eager to overthrow the democracy, appeal to Sparta, promise to betray Zakynthos to the Spartans if Sparta would send a fleet. Sparta sends 22 ships under Alcidas. | 375/4 CAH 6 374 CAH 6-177 |
| c.374 | Athenian STESICLES (Ctesicles) sent to ZAKYNTHOS to take command of the democratic exiles. | 374 CAH 6 374/3 CAH 6-177 |
| c.374 | TANAGRA Boeotia, allied with Sparta from 386, recovered by Thebes until ?. | 374 rcSB3 373 CAH 6-177 |
| c.374 | CORCYRA, in 2nd Athenian League 375-60, besieged by Spartan fleet under Alcidas with Syracusan help until 373. The Corcyrans appeal to Athens, which votes to help them and the Zakynthian exiles. | 374 CAH 6-177, MCAW 152 373 DGRBM 1-1035, wikCrf |
| c.374 | Zakynthian exiles, in Athens from ?, restored by Athenian Timotheos. | 374 GHH |
| c.374/3 | IPHICRATES Athenian mercenary commander in Egypt from 374, returns to Athens. | 374 GHH 373 OCD 550 |
| c.373 | Athenian TIMOTHEOS is given 60 ships to help Corcyra against Spartans, but not enough funds to man them. He sails among the Cyclades in search of crews and may even have ranged as far as Thrace. He fritters away the sailing season, and is recalled. | mid 373 CAH 6-177, DGRBM 3-909, 1145, OCD 1077 |
| c.373 | Spartan MNASIPPOS is given 60 ships and sent to recover Corcyra soon after Timotheos is sent with 60 ships. | 373 CAH 6-179, DGRBM 2-1105, 3-909, wikMn 373/2 CAH 6-73 |
| c.373 | TIMOTHEOS is charged with treason by Callistratos and Iphicrates. But Alcetas-I of Epirus and Jason of Thessaly (now an ally of Athens) both come to Athens and speak in his favor, and Timotheos is acquitted. He is not reinstated in command, and departs 372 to Anatolia to serve the Persian King in his war against Egypt. | 373 B76 IX-1018, CAH 6-177, DGRBM 1-98, 577, 2-555, OCD 196 373/2 CDCC 464 |
| c.373 | SOCRATIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 374, ends. ASTEIOS succeeds until 372. | 373 wikEA |
| c.373 | Spartan MNASIPPOS ravages Corcyra, then dismisses some of his mercenaries and keeps the pay of the rest. | 373 DGRBM 2-1105, wikMn 373/2 CAH 6-73 |
| c.373 | Athenian STESICLES, at Zakynthos from 374, with 600 peltasts, sent to Corcyra to oppose Mnasippos, while Athens prepares for a more serious expedition under Iphicrates. Stesicles is successful. | 373 CAH 6-179, DGRBM 3-909 |
| c.373 | Athenian STESICLES, with help of Alcetas-I, king of Epirus, enters the town under cover of night, reconciles dissensions of the democratic party, unites them against Mnasippos. | 373 DGRBM 3-909 |
| c.373 | Spartan MNASIPPOS, having mismanaged his mercenaries, is defeated by Stesicles and Corcyrans, and killed in battle. | 373 DGRBM, GHH, wikMn spring 372 CAH 6-179 no date: wikMn |
| c.373 | IPHICRATES Athenian admiral, briefly in Athens, is sent for Corcyra to counter Mnasippos. He stops at Cephalonia island and learns that Mnasippos is dead. | 373 OCD 550, DGRBM 2-617 372 CAH 6-179 |
| c.373 | IPHICRATES, Athenian admiral, defeats Spartan fleet off Corcyra. | 373 DGRBM, bk |
| c.373 | Spartan fleet besieging Corcyra from 374 fails, goes home. | 373 OCD 289 |
| c.373 | THESPIA Boeotia, under Sparta from 378, recovered by Thebes. | 373 CAH 6-177 372 B76 IX-951 |
| c.373 | PLATAEA Boeotia, independent from 386, siezed and destroyed by Thebes. Inhabitants expelled with whatever they can carry, told never to return to Boeotia. They go to Athens and are granted equal rights. Plataea inactive until 338. |
374 DGRA 204, DGRBM 373 CAH 6-178, OCD 554, 839 373/2 CAH 6-563 372 rcSB3 |
| c.373 | ISOCRATES publishes Plataicos : Urges Athenian assembly to aid Plataeans and punish Thebes for taking Plataea. |
374 DGRBM 373 CAH 6, OCD 554, bk |
| c.373 | Doric Temple of APOLLO at DELPHI from 512 destroyed by earthquake. Rebuilding begins on same plan. | 373 B76 8-372, Dur 2-226, OCD 3, 322, OHG 346 CAH 6 |
| c.373 | HELICE near mouth of the Selinous, capital of Achaean League from ?, destroyed by an EARTHQUAKE at night, and following tidal wave. Helice and a space of 12 stadia below it sink into the earth, and are covered by the sea. All inhabitants killed. Poseidon is blamed, because Helice had refused to give their statue of Poseidon (or even a model) to Ionian colonists in Anatolia. Nearby city BURA is also destroyed by tidal wave, but rebuilt. | 373 CDCC 295, DGRA 4, DGRG 1-457, 1016, 1034, OCD 3 372 GHH |
| c.372 | CEPHALONIA Island in Delian League from 456, taken by Athenian General Iphicrates until 367. | 372 rcSB3 |
| c.372 | BARDYLLIS king of Illyria 393-58 forces Macedonian king to pay tribute. | 372 CAH 6-428 |
| c.372 | CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna acts as strategos in Athens. | 372 OCD 196 372/1 CAH 6-573 |
| c.372 | THESSALY, rulerless from 405, taken over by JASON, tyrant of Pherae 385-70, who makes himself perpetual commander until 370. | 372 LEWH 77 371 rcSB2 |
| c.372 | Spartan naval power broken. This means Thebes is now the main opponent of Athens. | 372 OCD 196 |
| c.372 | Athenian IPHICRATES sails back to Corcyra. | 372 CAH 6 |
| c.372 | 10 Syracusan ships under Crinippos appear at Corcyra to help Spartans. They are ambushed by Iphicrates, and contain expensive dedications intended for Delphi and Olympia. Crinippos suicides. Iphicrates, with clearance from home, sells the treasures, attracting an angry letter from Delphi to Athens with a complaint of sacrilege. | 373 DGRBM 1-891 372 CAH 6-150, 179, CDCC 464 |
| c.372 | ANTALCIDAS Spartan general, diplomatic mission to Persians in Anatolia until 367. | 372 OCD 66 |
| c.372 | IPHICRATES, Athenian admiral in Adriatic prepares for a campaign against Laconia itself. Asks Athens to send him as colleagues Chabrias, and Callistratos. | 372/1 CAH 6-179 |
| c.372 | ASTYDAMAS, son of Morsimos, son of Aeschylus' nephew Philocles wins his first prize for a tragedy. | 372 DGRBM, GHH |
| c.372 | ASTEIOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 373, ends. ALCISTHENES succeeds until 371. | 372 wikEA |
| c.372 | Sculptor LYSIPPOS sculpts "Trolius", an Olympic victor. | 372 B76 VI-421 |
| 372/1 | THESPIA Boeotia destroyed by Thebans until 336. | 372/1 CAH 6 371 B76 IX-951 |
| c.371 | In defiance of Sparta, ELIS claims SCILLOS on west coast of Peloponnese, and tries to regain supremacy over Triphylian towns. | 371 OCD 1142 |
| c.371 | XENOPHON, living in Scillos Elis from 394, is exiled by Athens (rescinded 368) because of allegiance to Sparta, takes his family to Corinth until 366/5. | 371 B76 19-1056, OCD 1142 |
| c.371 | XENOPHON publishes Anabasis : Narrates his march back from Babylonia in 400 with 10,000 mercenaries called Cyreans because they worked for Cyrus. | 1st part soon after 386, 2nd part c.377: OCD 1142 371 TToH 370 wikAnab |
| c.371 | Athenian embassy including Callias-III sent to Sparta. CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna negotiates peace settlement in summer. | 371 DGRBM 1-567, LEWH 77, OCD 196 371/0 OCD 194 |
| c.371 | PEACE CONFERENCE at Sparta to renegotiate King's Peace 386, includes reps of all Greek states plus Dionysios-I of Syracuse, Amyntas-III of Macedon, Jason of Pherae, and envoys from Persia. EPAMINONDAS of Thebes, strategos of Boeotian League, opposes demands of AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, who then refuses to allow Epaminondas to claim to represent all Boeotia. Therefore Epaminondas, with all Thebes, withdraws from the conference, which then dissolves having accomplished nothing. | 371 B76 I-136, 6-902, 8-364, mid CAH 6-180, CDCC 315, DGRBM 1-69, GHH, LEWH 77, OCD 27, RAH 301, bk |
| c.371 | Thebans invade Phocis again to assert control. | 371 spring CAH 6-180 |
| c.371 | ALCISTHENES, eponymous archon of Athens from 372, ends. PHARASICLEIDES succeeds until 370. | 371 wikEA |
| c.371 | CLEOMBROTOS Agiad king of Sparta sent across Corinthian Gulf to Phocis to counter Thebans. He halts at Chaeronea. Thebans retreat into Boeotia. Epaminondas of Thebes takes up his position at Coronea. | 375 DGRBM, GHH 374 DGRBM 1-791 371 CAH 6-180, 182, DGRBM |
| 371 July 6 | CLEOMBROTOS Agiad king of Sparta with 10,000 hoplites including 700 Spartans invades Boeotia to punish EPAMINONDAS of Thebes and dissolve the new Boeotian League, but is decisively defeated by him and PELOPIDAS with 6,000 hoplites and 1,000 cavalry at LEUKTRA (Leuctra) Boeotia. 1st defeat of Spartan infantry by a smaller army ! Spartans are expelled from central Greece. Spartan supremacy in Greece from 404 turns to Theban supremacy until 362. |
371 B76 I-136, 549, VI-173, VII-842, 6-902, 8-364, BCoC 386, CAH 6, CDCC 23, 79, DGRBM, Dur 2-194, 458, GHH, LEWH 77, MCAW 152, OCD 27, 98, 386, 480, 795, 943, 969, 1052, OHG, RAH 303, SHWC 69, TToH, bk, lvG |
| c.371 | CLEOMBROTOS dies. Agiad king of Sparta from 380, and 400 Spartans, killed at Leuktra. Cleombrotos' son AGESIPOLIS-II succeeds to 370. | 371 DGRBM 1-71, Dur 2-719, GHH, OCD 98, 1007, MRDK, RAH 303, bk, lvG, rcPl |
| c.371 | Spartan survivors of Leuktra withdraw from Boeotia, meeting Archidamos and his force at Megara. Archidamos leads them home. | 371 CAH 6-185, DGRBM 1-267 |
| c.371 | After Leuktra Thebes renews alliance with Persia. | 371 B76 I-549 |
| c.371 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, weakened by illness, sends his son ARCHIDAMOS north to rescue Spartan survivors of Leuktra. | 371 DGRBM 1-267 |
| c.371 | STASIPPOS, leader of pro-Spartan party at Tegea Arcadia, helps ARCHIDAMOS with reinforcements. | 371 DGRBM 3-900 |
| c.371 | After Leuktra Thebes asks help from ally JASON, tyrant of Pherae. | 371 DGRBM 2-555 |
| c.371 | LEUKTRA so stuns Greeks that cities defect from Peloponnesian League, and even 2nd Athenian League to Boeotian League. | 371 B76 8-364 |
| c.371 | JASON, tyrant of Pherae 385-70, mans some triremes as if to help the Thebans by sea. Thus throwing the Phocians off guard, he marches thru Phocis, and arrives safely at Leuktra in Boeotia. | 371 DGRBM 2-555 |
| c.371 | JASON, tyrant of Pherae 385-70, summoned by Thebans to Leuktra in Boeotia. Refuses to rent them his mercenaries to finish off the Spartans. Negotiates armistice between Thebes and Sparta. | 371 CAH 6-185, OCD 562 |
| c.371 | CALYDON Aetolia, under Achaeans from ?, restored (after Leuktra) by Epaminondas of Thebes to the Aetolians. | 371 DGRG 1-384 |
| c.371 | HERACLEA TRACHIS, a Spartan colony 5 miles west of Thermopylae, destroyed by Jason of Pherae, on his way home from Leuktra in Boeotia. | 371 CAH 6-185 370 DGRBM 2-555 |
| c.371 | ANTALCIDAS Spartan general, after Leuktra, goes on another mission to Persia, where he is coolly received by Artaxerxes-II. | 371 DGRBM 1-182 |
| c.371 | Messenian exiles north of Corinthian Gulf from 460, resettled in Messenia by Epaminondas of Thebes. | 371 B76 VI-822 |
| c.371 | CARYAE Laconia, near the Arcadian border, under Sparta from ?, rebels until 368. Offers to guide a Theban army into Laconia. | 371 DGRG 1-555 |
| c.371 | Athens invites a conference to renew King's Peace at Athens to close ranks in the face of the Theban threat. Thebans do not attended. Signatories agree to abide by King's Peace and by decrees of Athens and allies. It does not mean that all signatories join 2nd Athenian League. Only the Eleans object, out of reluctance to concede autonomy to Margana, Scillos, and Triphylia (southern Elis). This is the 1st renewal of the Peace of Antalcidas in which Persia played no part. | 371 CAH 6-185 |
| c.371 | After the peace is signed, general IPHICRATES is recalled to Athens. | 371 DGRBM 2-617 |
| c.371 | PELOPIDAS ends. Ruler of all Boeotia (Boeotarch) from 378, succeeded by EPAMINONDAS strategos of Thebes until 362. | 371 CDCC 315, OCD 386 |
| c.371 | THEBES, in 2nd Athenian League from 378, withdraws. ACARNANIA, EUBOEA, and Chalcidian cities follow. | 371 LEWH 77 |
| c.371 | ACARNANIA, in 2nd Athenian League from 375, drops out. Joins Boeotian League until ?. | 371 LEWH 77 |
| c.371 | Chalcidian cities, in 2nd Athenian League from 379, drop out. Join Boeotian League until 356. |
371 LEWH 77 |
| c.371 | AMYNTAS-III, Argead king of Macedon 392-70, recognizes Athens' rights over Amphipolis, technically under Athens 421-357. | 371 B76 6-366 |
| c.371 | EUBOEA, in 2nd Athenian League from 377, withdraws, defects to Thebes until ?. | 371 CDCC 332, LEWH 77 no date: CAH 6-188 |
| c.370 | MANTINEA Arcadia, broken up into villages from 385, restored as a city. Walls of Mantinea, destroyed from 387, restored. | 371 OCD 644 370 CAH 6, LEWH 77, rcPl |
| c.370 | MEGALOPOLIS Arcadia, joins Arcadian League until 362. | 370 rcPl |
| c.370 | POLYDAMAS, tagos (boss) of Pharsalos Thessaly from 375, murdered. His family is torn apart by civil discord. | 370 DGRA 1094 |
| c.370 | PASION, former slave, shield maker and richest banker in Athens, dies of illness, leaving estate to freedman Phormion, with instructions to marry his widow Archippe. They inherit his wealth and guardianship of his younger son Pasicles. Archippe lives until 360. Older son Apollodoros age 24 becomes a lawyer. | 370 DGRBM 1-232, 3-132, OCD 786 |
| c.370 | PLATO publishes Parmenides : A young Socrates expounds Plato's theory of Λ FORMS V to Parmenides and Zeno of Elea as a solution to the alleged "problem of the one and the many". Presents and debunks a criticism of his own theory of Forms. |
370 B76 14-536-8, OCD 842 no date: wikPrmn |
| c. 370 c. 370 |
PLATO publishes Phaedo : On what Socrates said on his last day. Λ METAPHYSICS V: Λ SOUL V is divine and immortal because: Nature is cyclical, so souls probably are too.
Divine element of soul must survive death.
Life is an essential attribute of a soul.
Λ COSMOLOGY V: "The Earth is a round body in the center of the heavens, and needs no air or any other thing for support, but is kept in place by the equability of the surrounding heavens and its own equipoise." (See Empedocles 444, Philolaus 400) |
380 bk 370 B76 14-538, OCD 842 360 MNDQ 326 no date: wikPhaed |
| c. 370 c. 370 c. 370 |
PLATO publishes Republic : What is justice? Is it always beneficial? Cardinal virtues: wisdom, courage, temperance, justice. There are 3 kinds of people: philosophers, pleasure seekers, action seekers. There are 3 principles of action: rational judgment of good, appetite gratification, justice seeking. There are 3 social strata: statesmen, general citizens, military. There are 4 main virtues: wisdom, courage, temperance, justice. Λ METAPHYSICS V: Theory of Λ FORMS V: Every concept exists in an abstract and eternal form logically and temporally prior to its existence in space/time. (rejected by Speucippos, Aristotle) Allegory of the Cave: That which men believe to be reality is a metaphorical shadow projected onto a screen by true reality. Λ SOUL V consists of: reason: awareness of a value or goal
spirit: drive toward the value or goal
appetite: desire for gratification
(See Philolaus 400)POLITICS V: The ideal society is unity achieved thru communism V dominated by good people. Next best: a benign military state. Next, oligarchy dominated by merchants. Next, democracy. Last, tyranny. DEMOCRACY: "a state in which the poor, gaining the upper hand, kill some and banish others, and then divide the offices among the remaining citizens equally, usually by lot." "Until philosophers take government, or those who know how to govern become philosophers, there will be no end to the misery of states." CENSORSHIP: "Establish a censorship of fiction. Let censors accept any tale that is good, and reject any that is bad." EUGENICS: "The best of either sex should be united with the best as often as possible, and the inferior with the inferior as seldom as possible." LIES: "If anyone is to have the privilege of lying, the rulers of the state should be such persons." "A lie is useful only as a medicine. Use of them should be confined to physicians." THEOLOGY V: "GOD, if he be good, is not the author of all things, but of a few things only, and not of most things that occur to man." (See Xenophanes 480, Svetasvatara 400) POETRY is "an utter delusion". |
380 wikRpblc 370 B76 14-535-8, MNDQ 150, 275, 362, 461, 480, 729, OCD 842, bk 368 MCAW 155 no date: S2S 66 |
| CRUCIFIXION: "...the just man will have to endure the lash, the rack, chains, branding irons in his eyes, and finally after every extremity of suffering, he will be impaled [Greek word: anaskolopizo]..." Close enough to crucified [Greek word: stauroo] for Christians to marvel at. | Republic 2:362a |
| c.370 | PHARASICLEIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 371, ends. DYSCINITOS succeeds until 369. | 370 wikEA |
| c.370 | ARCADIAN LEAGUE (Arcadia, Boeotia, Elis, Argos) formed until 362 under Thebes to counter Sparta. Governed by a general assembly, the TEN THOUSAND, of all freeborn citizens, ruled by a general. | 371 MCAW 152 370 CAH 6-190, LEWH 77, OCD 433 |
| c.370 | STASIPPOS, leader of pro-Spartan party at Tegea Arcadia, successfully resists in the assembly the anti-Spartan attempt of democrats Callibios and Proxenos to include Tegea in a proposed union of all Arcadian towns. The democrats resist, and Stasippos defeats them in battle. | 370 DGRBM 3-900 |
| c.370 |  ALCETAS-I ends. Argead king of Epirus from 395, ends. NEOPTOLEMUS-I succeeds as king of Molossia and Epirus until 368. |
370 OCD 400, frH, rcSB2 |
| c.370 | MOLOSSIAN LEAGUE unifies the 3 main tribes of Epirus: Molossians, Thesprotians, Chaonians. Dodona is the religious, political and cultural center. Lasts until 330. | 370 wikEL |
| c.370 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, organizes defense of Sparta. | 370 OCD 27 |
| c.370 | JASON dies. Tyrant of Pherae from 385, ruler of Thessaly from 372, mobilizes whole Thessalian army at time of Pythian Games, marches to Delphi, alarms all Greece, murdered by 7 young men. His bros Polydoros and Polyphron succeed, but Polydoros is soon poisoned, possibly by POLYPHRON, who succeeds to 369. Thessaly again becomes disunified and powerless. | 370 CAH 6-188-9, CDCC 884, DGRBM 1-124, 2-555, 3-460, 469, GHH, LEWH 77, MCAW 157, OCD 562, RAH 301, bk, rcSB2 369 OCD 41 |
| c.370 | THESSALIAN LEAGUE held together by Jason of Pherae from 374, falls to infighting, invites Philip-II to arbitrate disputes. | 370 ancs |
| c.370 | Son of Cleombrotos, AGESIPOLIS-II dies. Agiad king of Sparta from 371, subordinate to Agesilaos-II. Bro CLEOMENES-II succeeds to 309. | 370 DGRBM 1-71, 793, OCD 1007, bk, lvG 369 MRDK, rcPl, wikAg2 |
| c.370 | DEMOCRITOS of Abdera, pupil of Leucippos, developer of Λ ATOMIC THEORY, age 90, dies. | 370 B76 III-460, BHM 79, BNTH 41, EoΦ 5-446, GHH, KPHP 17, MMWP 17, SHWC 80 362 Dur 2-722 361 MCAW 157 360 TToH 357 DGRBM 1-975, GHH no date: OCD 327 |
| c.370 | HERAEA Arcadia, ally of Sparta, has territory ravaged by Arcadians. | 370 DGRG 1-1051 |
| c.370 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, invades Arcadia. | 370 DGRBM 1-69, GHH, MCAW 154 |
| c.370 | ARCADIA appeals to Athens for help against Agesilaos-II. Fails, appeals to Thebes. | 370 MCAW 154 |
| c.370 | EUDOXOS of Knidos returns to Athens with his students, joins Plato until 350. | 377 B76 6-1021 368 wikUdx 367 OCD 414, EoΦ 3-383 |
| c.370 | MAP V of Earth, 1st attempted by Hecataeus 500, improved by Eudoxos. | 380-71 TTS |
| c.370 | AETOLIAN LEAGUE formed under Theban influence. Lasts until 167. | 370 OCD 21 367 B76 I-117 |
| c.370 | TEGEA Arcadia, allied with Sparta 469-369, violence between pro-Spartan oligarchs and anti-Spartan democrats. With Mantinean help, the democrats win. Oligarch leaders including Stasippos are executed. 1,400 pro-Spartan oligarchs are expelled, 800 flee to Sparta. | 370 CAH 6-190, 534, DGRBM 3-900 |
| c.370 | Democrats of Argos suddenly attack the rich, kill 1200, confiscate their property. | 371/0 CAH 6-189 370 Dur 2-466 |
Roman copies of missing or damaged Scopas originals
 Jastrow |
 Shakko |
 Albani Collection |
 Hearst Collection |
 Marsyas |
| c.370 | Sculptor SCOPAS of Paros flourishes. Works with Praxiteles, sculpts parts of the Mausoleum, especially the reliefs, leads the building of the new temple of Athena Alea at Tegea. Like Lysippos, Scopas is artistically a successor of Polykleitos. The faces of the heads are almost in quadrat. Deeply sunken eyes and a slightly opened mouth are characteristics of Scopas. | 395-50 wikSc |
| 370 late | MANTINEA attacked by AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60. | 370 late CAH 6-190, DGRBM 1-69 |
| 370 late | Thebes secures central Greece by a network of alliances. | by late 370 CAH 6-189 |
| c. 370 late | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, ruler of BOEOTIA, and Theban PELOPIDAS, and Phocians, invade Peloponnese at Eurotas River valley to help Arcadians throw off Spartan control. They attack and defeat Spartans. Spartans successfully defend Sparta itself, but cannot prevent attacks on many towns in Laconia and on dockyards at Gytheon on the south coast. Thebes/Sparta war begins until 366. | 370 B76 IX-928, DGRG 1-1022, bk 370/69 B76 6-903, 8-337, CAH 6, CDCC 315, 682, MCAW 154, OCD 386, 551, 795, lvG 369 B76 6-903, CAH 6-191, DGRA 205, 887, DGRBM 3-179, GHH, OCD 386, 676 368/7 MCAW 154 |
| c. 370 /69 | AMYNTAS-III dies. Argead king of Macedon from 392, dies leaving widow Eurydice and 3 legit sons: Alexander, Perdiccas, and Philip. Son ALEXANDER-II succeeds until 368. Alexander-II is forced to send his younger bro Philip as hostage to the Illyrians. | 371 GHH 370 CAH 6-188, DGRBM 1-155, 2-108, OCD 56, lvG, rcSB2, wikArg, wikLKM 370/69 B76 I-332, 8-366 369 CAH 6-726, DGRBM 1-118, Dur 2-711, MRDK, RAH 309 |
| c.369 | Spartan Ischolaos at village of Ium with troops and 400 Tegean exiles surrounded and killed with most of his men by Thebans. | 369 DGRBM 2-625 |
| c.369 | Argos attacks Phlios and Epidauros. | 369 CAH 6-192 |
| c.369 | Arcadians attack Asine Argolis. | 369 CAH 6-192 |
| c.369 | Arcadians attack Pellene Achaea. | 369 CAH 6-192 |
| c.369 | Arcadia, and Elis jointly try unsuccessfully to help democratic exiles take over Phlios Argolis. | 369 CAH 6-192 |
| c.369 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, invading Laconia from 370, moves into Messenia. | 369 CAH 6-191 |
| c.369 | MESSENIA, under Sparta from ?, liberated by Theban army under EPAMINONDAS of Thebes. Independent until ?. HELOTS are liberated by Epaminondas, who claims to have restored Messenia after 230 years oppression. This means economic collapse of Sparta. | 370 LEWH 77 370/69 CAH 6 369 B76 8-337, CAH 6-191, GHH, MCAW 154, OCD 495, 676, OHG 171 368 lvG |
| c.369 | MESSENE fortress founded in Messenia in a valley between 3 hills as capital of Messenia in Peloponnese by Epaminondas. | 370 LEWH 77 370/69 CAH 6 369 B76 VI-822, 8-365, CAH 6-191, DGRBM, MCAW 155, OCD 675, rcPl |
| c.369 | Sparta sends envoys (including Etymocles, Ocellos, Pharax, Timocrates) to Athens to negotiate alliance. | 369 DGRBM 2-54, 3-2, 239, 1137 |
| c.369 | Athens and Sparta ally against Thebes. Sparta asks for help. | 369 CAH 6-199, GHH |
| c.369 | Athenian general IPHICRATES sent to help Sparta against Thebes, but accomplishes little. | 369 B76 8-365, CAH 6-191, DGRBM 2-617, LEWH 77, OCD 196 |
| c.369 | CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna, leader of 2nd Athenian League, alarmed by Thebes, negotiates an equitable peace with Sparta, proposes sending IPHICRATES to aid Sparta militarily. | 369 B76 8-365, LEWH 77, MCAW 154, OCD 196 |
| c.369 | POLYPHRON dies. Tyrant of Pherae from 370, murdered by Alexander, son or neph of Jason. ALEXANDER succeeds as tyrant of Pherae until 358. Strongly opposed by other Thessalians, Alex tries to secure control in Thessaly, nominally as chief federal magistrate but effectively as tyrant. His Thessalian opponents appeal to King Alexander-II of Macedon. |
370 DGRBM 369 CAH 6-189, 194, DGRBM 1-124, 3-469, GHH, rcSB2 |
| c.369 | ALEXANDER-II king of Macedonia 370- moves into Thessaly. | 369 CAH 6-194 |
| c.369 | LARISSA Thessaly taken by Alexander-II of Macedonia, comes under Macedonia until 368. | 369 CAH 6-194, rcSB2 |
| c.369 | CRANNON Thessaly taken by Alexander-II of Macedonia, comes under Macedonia until ?. | 369 CAH 6-194 |
| c.369 | ALEXANDER-II king of Macedonia 370-68, challenged by pretender Ptolemy Alorites, returns to Macedonia. | 369 CAH 6-194 |
| c.369 | Theban democrat PELOPIDAS, at request of Thessalians, drives Alex of Pherae out of Thessaly. | 369 B76 VII-842 |
| c.369 | ALEXANDER-II king of Macedonia 370-68, and pretender Ptolemy Alorites, both appeal to Pelopidas. | 369 CAH 6-194 |
| c.369 | Theban democrat PELOPIDAS enters Macedonia, allies with king Alexander-II, who delivers to Pelopidas hostages including his own younger bro Philip, the future king. Pelopidas then returns thru Thessaly to Boeotia. | 369 CAH 6-194-5 |
| c.369 | Arcadians, Argives, and Eleans persuade Boeotians to undertake another campaign in the Peloponnese. | 369 CAH 6-191 |
| c.369 | A line of palisades and trenches is thrown across the Isthmus by Spartans and their allies, to prevent the Thebans from marching into Peloponnese. | 369 DGRG 1-684 |
| c.369 | SICYON, in northeast Peloponese, in Achaean League mostly from 565, comes to terms with Epaminondas, who instals a garrison in the citadel but leaves ruling oligarchs in control. Under Thebes until 323. | 369 CAH 6-191, 206, rcPl |
| c.369 | DYSCINITOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 370, ends. LYSISTRATOS succeeds until 368. | 369 wikEA |
| c.369 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, attacks Trozen and Epidauros, and later Corinth, where defense is strengthened by Athenian troops and by mercenaries sent by Dionysius of Syracuse to help Sparta. |
369 CAH 6-192 |
| c.369 | MEGALOPOLIS founded by Arcadians as a federal capital of ARCADIAN LEAGUE until 362, though Epaminondas of Thebes is given credit for it. Democracy is set up with an Assembly of 10,000 and a Council of 50. | 371 DGRBM 3-101, DGRG 1-1006, 2-1221 370 DGRBM 2-846, DGRG 2-307, MCAW 155, OCD 665, bk, rcPl 369 LEWH 77, OHG, RAH 304 368 CAH 6-193 |
| c.369 | Theban PAMMENES and 1,000 troops sent by Epaminondas of Thebes to defend Megalopolis. | 371 DGRBM 3-101 |
| c.369 | Most inhabitants of Gortys Arcadia are moved to Megalopolis. | 371 DGRG 1-1006 |
| c.369 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, and allies, in Peloponnese from 370, return to their homes. | 369 CAH 6-192 |
| c.369 | Arcadian general LYCOMEDES defeats Spartans under Polytropos near Orchomenos Arcadia. | 369 DGRBM 2-846 |
| c.369 | Arcadian general LYCOMEDES takes Pellana Laconia, enslaves inhabitants, ravages the land. | 369 DGRBM 2-846 |
| c.369 | TEGEA Arcadia allied with Sparta from 469, joins Arcadian League until ?. | 369 rcPl |
| c.369 | More than 20 Syracusan ships from Dionysius-I with 2,000 Celts and Iberians, with 50 cavalry and pay for 5 months arrive in Greece to help Sparta, but with instructions to return within a fixed time. | 369 CAH 6-150 |
| c.369 | THEAETETOS, mathematician of Athens, killed in battle. | 369 B76 IX-925, 14-533, BHM 83, EoΦ 3-383, OCD 1051 |
| 369/8 | ISOCRATES, unable to find moral conscience among democrats or oligarchs, appeals to Dionysius-I, tyrant of Syracuse 406-367, to appoint to management positions the most competent citizens, i.e. those who will direct affairs of state most effectively and justly. Isocrates is ignored. | 369/8 CAH 6-599 |
| c.368 | PHILISCOS of Abydos sent by Ariobarzanes satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia to Greece presumably to win influence for Ariobarzanes and recruit mercenaries, and to reconcile Thebes and Sparta. | 369/8 CAH 6-192 368 DGRBM 3-293 |
| c.368 | NEOPTOLEMOS-I dies. 2nd Aeacid king of Molossia and Epirus from 370. Bro ARYBBAS succeeds until 342. |
373 wikAryb 368 OCD 400 360 DGRBM 2-1155, MRDK, lvG, rcSB2, wikOly 358 frH |
| c.368 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, again leads a Theban army into Peloponnese. A Spartan/Athenian coalition force briefly opposes them at the isthmus. Epaminondas compells Sicyon and Pellene to renounce alliance with Sparta, then returns, attacks Corinth, and is repulsed by Athenian Chabrias. | 368 DGRBM 2-23, 2-100, GHH |
| c.368 | Thessaly, having no one to save it from Alex of Pherae, now that Alexander-II of Macedonia is gone, appeals to Thebes. | 369 CAH 6-194 369/8 DGRBM 1-124 368 CAH 6-195, DGRBM 3-180 |
| c.368 | Thebes sends Pelopidas and Ismenias to Thessaly merely as envoys to investigate. | |
369 CAH 6-194 368 CAH 6-195, DGRBM |
| c.368 | Theban democrat PELOPIDAS arrives at Larissa, expells Macedonian garrison. LARISSA Thessaly under Macedonia from 369, comes under Thebes until 344. |
369/8 DGRBM 1-124 368 rcSB2 |
| c.368 | Once in Thessaly, Pelopidas, who has no Boeotian troops, has to recruit in Thessaly. | 368 CAH 6-195 |
| c.368 | Son of Amyntas-III & Euridice, ALEXANDER-II dies. Argead king of Macedon from 370, murdered by Ptolemy Alorites, lover of Eurydice. Bro PERDICCAS-III succeeds until 359 under regency of Euridice & PTOLEMY until 365. | 369 GHH 368 CAH 6-195, MRDK, OCD 39, bk, lvG, rcSB2, wikArg, wikLKM 367 B76 8-366 366 CAH 6-727 |
| c.368 | PTOLEMY, co-regent of Macedonia, is challenged by a further pretender, PAUSANIAS, who captures places in north Chalcidice. | 368 CAH 6-195 |
| c.368 | Theban democrat PELOPIDAS also enters Macedon with only unreliable mercenaries, and reaches agreement with Ptolemy, who now allies with Thebes. Pelopidas then returns to Thessaly, still with no effective military. | 368 CAH 6-195 |
| c.368 | Athens tries to profit from the uncertainty in Macedonia, sends general IPHICRATES assisted by mercenary Charidemos to recover Amphipolis, technically under Athens 421-357. Iphicrates fails to recover it, but campaigns successfully against Pausanias, and remains in Chalcidice until 365. | 368 B76 8-365, CAH 6-195, CDCC 464, bk 367 B76 II-752, DGRBM 1-684, 2-617, OCD 551 |
| c.368 | Theban democrats PELOPIDAS and Ismenias attack Alexander of Pherae at Pharsalos Thessaly. Both are captured by Alex and imprisoned in Pherae until 367. | 369 CDCC 656 368 CAH 6-195, DGRBM, GHH, OCD 795, bk |
| c.368 | Thebes sends an army to Thessaly to free the 2 Thebans. Alex of Pherae allies with Athens, which sends Autocles with 30 ships and 1,000 men to Thessaly. Thebans fail to overcome tyrant Alex and his allies. Thebans have trouble trying to withdraw. |
368 CAH 6-195, DGRBM 1-124, 2-23 |
| c.368 | LYSISTRATOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 369, ends. NAUSIGENES succeeds until 367. | 368 wikEA |
| c.368 | EUPHRON, claims to be a democrat in order to get help from Arcadia and Argos to overthrow the ologarchy of Sicyon. Then relying on mercenary troops and popular support, he banishes opponents and kills or exiles other democratic leaders, becomes tyrant of Sicyon until 366. | spring 368 CAH 6-192, skyn |
| c.368 | At Delphi PHILISCOS of Abydos, distributes money provided by Ariobarzanes for Greek mercenaries. This is ostensibly to help Sparta but probably for Ariobarzanes in his planned revolt 366. Philiscos also organizes a peace conference attended by the major Greek states. But Sparta will not grant independence of Messenia, and Thebes demands sovereignty over Boeotia, so the talks collapse. | 368 CAH 6-85, 192, DGRBM 3-293, GHH |
| c.368 | Philiscos gives Sparta 2,000 mercenaries, paid for in advance, and returns to Hellespontine Phrygia. | 368 CAH 6-192, DGRBM 3-293 |
| c.368 | More Syracusan ships from Dionysius-I under CISSIDAS arrive in Greece to help Sparta, with instructions to return within a fixed time. | 368 CAH 6-150 |
| c.368 | CARYAE Laconia, near the Arcadian border, independent from 371, reconquered by Archidamos aided by Philiscos' mercenaries and Syracusan Cissidas. Archidamos kills everyone he captures. They then invade south-west Arcadia. | 368 CAH 6-192 367 DGRBM 1-758 no date: DGRG 1-555 |
| c.368 | Arcadia receives help from Argos and Messenia. | 368 CAH 6-192 |
| c.368 | Arcadians and allies Argos and Messenia cut off the Spartan army and force a battle. ARCHIDAMOS, wipes out an Arcadian force in the "Tearless Battle" (called so by Spartans because not a single Spartan is killed). | 368 CAH 6-168-9, wikAL 367 B76 I-489, DGRBM 1-758, DGRG 1-192, GHH |
| c.368 | TRIPHYLIA (southern Elis) joins Arcadian League until ?. | 369-7 CAH 6-194 |
| c.368 | Syracusan CISSIDAS helps Spartans against Arcadians, until his appointed time expires. | 367 DGRBM 1-758 |
| c.368 | Anti-Spartan faction from PHLIOS Argolis, exiled from 379, gets help from Arcadians and Elians, take the Phlian acropolis by night, but are repulsed. | 368 CAH 6-193, prsΦl |
| c. 368 c. 368 |
PLATO publishes Theaetetos . Λ EPISTEMOLOGY V: Discusses knowledge as: nothing but perception
Debunks the ideas that knowledge is perception or that it is true belief. Hypothesizes that knowledge is analyzing things down to their unknowable elements. Pure relativism is epistemically impossible.true judgment true judgment with account (See Xenophanes 480, Parmenides 460, Meno 386) |
368 B76 14-536-8, OCD 842, bk no date: wikThea |
| c.368 | Exile of Xenophon from Athens 371 is voided. | 368 OCD 1142 |
| c.368 | EUDOXOS of Knidos, student of Plato, traveling from ?, returns with his students to Athens. | 368 wikEC |
| c.368 | EUDOXOS of Knidos, student of Plato, traveling from ?, returns with his students to Athens. | 368 wikEC |
| c.368 | APHAREOS, son of Hippias the sophist, and adopted son of Isocrates, pupil of Isocrates, tragedian orator, exhibits a tragedy. He will leave 37 tragedies, winning 4 victories. | 368 GHH |
| 368/7 | People of TRAPEZOS Arcadia who are not willing to move to newly-founded Megalopolis (8km southeast of it), migrate to Pontic Trapezos instead. | 368/7 lvA |
| c.367 | CEPHALONIA Island, in Athenian League from 372, joins Aetolian League until 189. | 367 rcSB3 |
 |
| c.367 | SESTOS in Chersonese, independent ally of Athens, attacked by Cotys-I, king of Odrysians in Thrace 382-59. | 367 CAH 6-464 |
| c.367 | PERINTHOS attacked by Cotys-I. | 367 CAH 6-464 |
| c.367 | MELIBOIA and SKOTUSSA Thessaly: citizens massacred by Alexander of Pherae. | 367 CAH 6-195, wikAlxΦ |
| c. 367 | Epaminondas of Thebes, serving as a private soldier on the prestige of his name alone, leads a 2nd Theban expedition to free Pelopidas and Ismenias. Epaminondas proceeds cautiously to avoid provoking Alex of Pherae. The tyrant had recently massacred inhabitants of Thessalian towns, Meliboia and Scotussa. Alex of Pherae offers to release his prisoners in return for a treaty of peace and friendship. Epaminondas agrees to only a 30 day truce. Alex accepts. |
spring 367 CAH 6-195, DGRBM 1-124, 2-23 |
| c.367 | Theban democrats PELOPIDAS and ISMENIAS prisoners of Alexander of Pherae from 368, rescued by Epaminondas of Thebes. All return to Boeotia with the army. | 367 B76 6-903, CAH 6-195, CDCC 315, DGRBM 3-180 no date: OCD 795 |
| c.367 | Sparta sends envoys under Antalcidas to Artaxerxes-II king of Medo-Persia at Susa to bid for favor. When Thebans and Athenians learn of this, they too send envoys: Athenians Timagoras and Leon, Theban Pelopidas. Artaxerxes demands the King's Peace to be renewed, with Thebes as supreme Greek power. | 368 lvG 367 B76 8-365, CAH 6-196, DGRBM 2-734, 3-1132, GHH, MCAW 155, OCD 66 |
| c.367 | Elean envoys, including Argeius, sent to Persia to cooperate with Theban Pelopidas. | 367 DGRBM 1-279-80 |
| c.367 | After Artaxerxes' decision, Athenian Timagoras separates from his colleagues, and sides with the Thebans. | 367 DGRBM 2-734 |
| c.367 | After the Greek envoys return from Susa, Thebes holds a conference asking other states to swear compliance with Atraxerxes' decree. Arcadian general LYCOMEDES and his colleagues walk out. The conference collapses. | 367 B76 8-365, DGRBM 2-846 |
| c.367 | Athens and Sparta faced with alliance of Thebes and Persia, ally with each other and Dionysius of Syracuse. Athens and Thebes are enemies until 365. | 367 B76 8-365 |
| c.367 | NAUSIGENES, eponymous archon of Athens from 368, ends. POLYZELOS succeeds until 366. | 367 wikEA |
| c.367 | LASION in west Arcadia joins Arcadian League until 365. | 369-5 CAH 6-194 |
| c.367 | PHLIOS attacked by Argos, Pellene, and the Theban commander at Sicyon, helped by Euphron, tyrant of Sicyon. Attack is repulsed. | 367 CAH 6-193, prsΦl |
| c.367 | Athenian CHARES sent to help Phlios, against Arcadians, Argives, and the Theban commander at Sicyon. Successful. | 367 DGRBM 1-682 |
| c.367 | DIONYSIUS-I tyrant of Syracuse (now an ally of Greece against Persia), wins Lenaea competition with Ransom of Hector . | 367 B76 8-370, Dur 2-472, OCD 350 |
| c.367 | Writer AENEAS TACITOS becomes general of the Arcadian League until ?. | 367 CDCC 16 |
| c.367 | PLATO, in Athens from 386, leaves Eudoxus of Knidos in charge of Academy, goes on 2nd visit to Syracuse until 366/5. | 367 CAH 6-608, EoΦ 6-314, KPHP 67, MCAW 155, OCD 839, OHG, bk, wikUdx 367/6 CDCC 276 no date: B76 14-532, LEWH 80 |
| c.367 | ARISTOTLE, age 18, in Stagira Chalcidice from ?, arrives in Athens, enters Plato's Academy while Plato is away, remains until Plato dies 348. | age 17: CAH 6-608, KPHP 75, OCD 114, age 18 S2S 51 367 CAH 6, DGRBM 1-317, EoΦ 1-151, GHH, KPHP 75, MCAW 155, OHG, S2S 51 366 OCD 114 |
| c.367 | Athenians TIMAGORAS and LEON, envoys to Persia, returns to Athens. Timagoras is indicted for treason by colleague Leon, and executed. | 367 CAH 6-196, DGRBM 2-734, 3-1132, bk |
| c.367 | ARCHIDAMOS, son of Agesilaos-II king of Sparta 399-60, fights Arcadians until 364. | 367 OCD 98 |
| 367/6 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, ruler of BOEOTIA, invades Achaea, 3rd invasion of Peloponnese to strengthen Theban position. Gets assurance of fidelity from several states. Decides not to overthrow oligarchies. | 367 DGRBM, OCD 386 366 B76 6-903, CAH 6-197, CDCC 315, DGRBM 2-23, GHH |
| c.366 | Achaean oligarchs agree to ally with Thebes, if they remain in control in Achaea. Epaminondas of Thebes nonetheless "liberates" 3 strategically important places, Dyme in western Achaea, Naupactos and Calydon, both north of the Gulf of Corinth but at the time Achaean; Epaminondas then returns home. | 366 CAH 6-197, 207 |
| c.366 | Thebans and their allies, notably Arcadians, impose democracies in Achaea. | 366 CAH 6-206 |
| c.366 | Achaean oligarchies overthrown and restored. | 366 CAH 6 |
| c.366 | Boeotian League intervenes in Achaean League. | 366 B76 II-114 |
| c.366 | Athenian troops under Timomachos and Spartans guard the Isthmus of Corinth against Thebans. But they fail to occupy the passes of Oneium, and Epaminondas of Thebes, who is preparing to invade Achaia, persuades Argive general Peisias to seize a commanding height of the mountain. Thebans are thus enabled to get thru the Isthmus. | 366 DGRBM 3-1141 |
| c.366 | Thebes organizes a congress of states to accept the terms of the peace announced by a rep of Artaxerxes-II. The congress rejects it. | spring 366 CAH 6-197 |
| c.366 | TIMOPHANES, bro of Timoleon, with mercenaries, promises support for the poor, tries to make himself tyrant in Corinth until 364. | 366 CAH 6-530 |
| c.366 | Corinth allies with Phlios. | 367 GHH |
| c.366 | POLYZELOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 367, ends. CIPHISODOROS succeeds until 365. | 366 wikEA |
| c.366 | EUPHRON tyrant of Sicyon from 368, forced by Arcadians to allow return of exiled oligarchs, flees to the harbor with his mercenaries, invites Spartans to take Sicyon (They decline.), returns to Sicyon to face ologarchs. | 367 DGRBM 3-132 366 CAH 6-198, skyn |
| c.366 | EUPHRON former tyrant of Sicyon, goes to Thebes, tries to get Thebans to expel oligarchs from Sicyon and reinstate him as their vassal. Murdered by former exiles at the Cadmea. Son ADEAS succeeds as tyrant of Sicyon until ?. | 366 CAH 6-198, skyn |
| c.366 | Themison, tyrant of Eretria, assists exiles of Oropos in surprising and recovering Oropos from the Athenians. The Athenians march against them with their whole force. Themison calls in the Thebans to assist. Thebans receive Oropos as a deposit, but then refuse to give it up. | 366 DGRBM 3-1023, DGRG 1-847 |
| c.366 | OROPOS on the border between Attica and Boeotia, ally of Athens from ?, siezed by Themison, tyrant of Eretria Euboea. Athens sends troops to recover Oropos. Thebans, Themison's allies, take over Oropos to protect it, then keep it. |
366 mid CAH 6-198, bk |
| c.366 | ARIOBARZANES, then in revolt, appeals to both Athens and Sparta for help. Despite their difficulties in Greece, both respond. | 366 CAH 6-200 |
| c.366 | After loss of Oropos, Arcadian Lycomedes proposes alliance with Athens. Athens at first declines, because it would damage their relations with Sparta. Then Athens allies with Arcadians. | 366 CAH 6, DGRBM 2-846, bk |
| c.366 | Phlios Argolis is forced to import grain. | 366 CAH 6-559 |
| c.366 | CHABRIAS and CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna are accused of treachery in advising surrender of Oropos to Thebans. They are prosecuted by Leodamas for that and for failing to check Thebes. Acquitted. | 366 B76 II-702, DGRBM 1-676, OCD 196, 225, 1077, wikCha |
| c.366 | LYCOMEDES of Mantinea, who led effort to found the Arcadian League in 371, sent to Athens to negotiate alliance with Arcadian League. | 366 wikLM no date: CAH 6-199 |
| c.366 | Syracusan TIMOCRATES sent with 12 galleys by Dionysius-II to help Sparta. Enables Spartans to reduce Sellasia 365. | 366 DGRBM 3-1137 |
| c.366 | LYCOMEDES dies. Returns from Athens by ship, lands where some Arcadian exiles live. Murdered by them. | 366 bk, wikLM |
| c.366 | Thebes/Sparta war from 370 ends. Sparta makes peace. | 366 MCAW 154 365 CAH 6 |
| c.366 | Thebes, on advice of Epaminondas, begins building 100 triremes to fight Athens. | 366 CAH 6-201 364 MCAW 154 |
| c.366 | ISOCRATES publishes Archidamos . An imagined speech of the future king of Sparta about the Peace of 366. | 366 CAH 6, DGRBM 1-267, OCD 554, bk |
| c.366 | ISOCRATES: "The rich have become so unsocial that those who own property had rather throw their possessions into the sea than lend aid to the needy, while the poorer would less gladly find a treasure than seize the possessions of the rich." | 366 Dur 2-465 |
| c.366 | DEMOSTHENES comes of age: 18, and demands that his guardians Aphobos and 2 others, account for their handling of his inheritance. They stall legally for 2 years. | 366 DGRBM 1-982 |
| c.366 | ELIS & ARCADIA begin hostilities. Eleans seize Lasion and other towns in the Acroreia, which form part of the Arcadian League. These had been taken by Sparta in 400. | 366 DGRG 1-819 365 DGRBM, GHH |
 Theban power peaks 371-62. Picture by Megistas |
| c.366/5 | Congress at Sparta. | 366/5 OCD 98 |
| 366/5 | ARCHIDAMOS, son of Agesilaos-II king of Sparta 399-60 appeals to congress at Sparta to refuse Theban demand for recognition of the independence of Messene. | 366/5 OCD 98 |
| 366/5 | PLATO, in Syracuse from 367, returns to Athens until 361. | 366 EoΦ 6-314, LEWH 80 366/5 OCD 351 365 CAH 6-608 |
| 366/5 | CORINTH expells Athenians. XENOPHON, in Corinth from 371, returns to Athens, lives there until death 354. | 366/5 OCD 1142 |
| c.365 | Evidence of Plato's personal relationship with 20 year-old Aristotle on his return to the Academy is anecdotal at best. But whereas Plato shunned rhetoric, Aristotle thought it worthy of study, not necessarily to use it, but to prevent it being used against philosophy. | 364 CAH 6-618 |
| c.365 | PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE, begun c.550, operating from 418 dimantled. But continues unoficially until 336 | 366 OCD 795, anhi 365 lvG, brit, lvPL 338 wikPL |
| c.365 |  SESTOS in Chersonese, possibly independent from 386, recovered by Athenian Timotheos, comes back under Athens until 362. |
365 OCD 981 364 CAH 6-464 |
| c.365 | SELLASIA in Laconia occupied by Arcadians. | as late as 365 CAH 6-194 |
| c.365 | CIPHISODOROS, eponymous archon of Athens from 366, ends. CHION succeeds until 364. | 365 wikEA |
| c.365 | SELLASIA occupied by Arcadians 365?, recovered by Sparta, with help of Syracusan mercenaries under Timocrates, under Sparta until ?. | 365CAH 6-203 |
| c.365 | LASION, in Arcadian League from 367, seized by Elis. | 365 CAH 6-203 |
| c.365 | Arcadians, disputing ownership of Triphylian towns, invade Elis and defeat Eleans, who appeal to Sparta for help. | 365 DGRBM 2-315, DGRG 1-819 |
| c.365 | GRYLLOS and DIODOROS, sons of Xenophon, sent by Xenophon to Lepreum for security. Xenophon soon joins them, and they all go to Corinth. | 365 DGRBM 2-315 |
| c.365 | Elis breaks with Boeotian-Peloponnesian alliance, allies with Achaea and Sparta against Arcadia until 362. | 365 CAH 6-203, DGRG 1-192 365/4 CAH 6-203 |
| c.365 | Athens sides with Arcadia under mutual defense pact of 366. | 365 CAH 6-203 |
| c.365 | ANTIPHANES, Athenian comedy writer, flourishes. | 365 MCAW 157 |
| c.365 | PTOLEMY ALORITES dies. Regent of Macedon from 368, murdered by stepson PERDICCAS-III, Argead king of Macedon 368-56, who succeeds with AMYNTAS-IV until 359. | 365 B76 8-366, CAH 6-727, MRDK, bk, lvG, wikArg 364 DGRBM 3-568, GHH |
| c.365 | IPHICRATES, Athenian attempting to recover Amphipolis from 367, fails, fired as strategos, replaced by TIMOTHEOS until ?. Iphicrates retires to Thrace. | 365 CAH 6-195 364 DGRBM 3-1146, OCD 551 360 Dur 2-458 |
| c.365 | Young Macedonian king Perdiccas-III needs Athenian help, and is forced to cooperate with the Athenian commander (Iphicrates or Timotheos) to reconquer Amphipolis. | 365 lvG |
| c.365 | Pro-Spartan party of CALLISTRATOS in Athens is replaced in power by party of TIMOTHEOS, and peace is made with Thebes on status quo basis, but Athens and Thebes remain at odds. | 365 CAH 6, LEWH 77 |
| c.365 | AFTERLIFE in a fragment of Antiphanes: "Let us not lament too much the passing of our friends. They are not dead, but simply gone before us along the road which all must travel." | 350 MNDQ 574 |
| c.365 | HERACLIDES of Heraclea in Pontus enters Plato's Academy. He is as versatile as Eudoxos in his interests, but less profound and more dependent on Plato's thinking. | 365/4 CAH 6-609 |
| c.364 | ARCHIDAMOS, son of Agesilaos-II king of Sparta 399-60 invades southwest Arcadia. Boeotia, Argos, and Messenia send troops to help Arcadia. | 364 CAH 6-203, DGRBM 1-267, GHH |
| c.364 | ELIS: Oligarchs take control and expel democrats, who are friendly to Arcadia. Much Elis territory falls under Arcadian control. | 365 CAH 6-206 364 CAH 6-203 |
| c.364 | TIMOPHANES, trying to make himself tyrant in Corinth from 366, murdered by his own bro Timoleon. | 364 DGRG 1-677 |
| c.364 | ISOCRATES speech "Evagoras". | 364 OCD 554 |
| c.364 | Arcadians and their allies capture a Spartan force under Archidamos-III at Cromnos in south-west Arcadia. | 364 CAH 6-203 |
| c.364 | Independent states in Acrorea and Pisatis created by Arcadia out of territory taken from Elis. | 364 CAH 6-204 |
| c.364 | DEMOSTHENES age 20 defeats his guardians Aphobos and 2 others in a lawsuit. Gets little money - 10 talents, but learns speech making and legal strategy. Decides to go into politics. | 364 DGRA 1159, DGRBM 1-982, GHH, MCAW 157, bk 363 B76 5-578 |
| c.364 | PHILIP, bro of Alexander-II king of Macedon 369-8, hostage in Thebes from ?, returns to Macedon. | 364 MCAW 154 |
| c.364 | MAGNESIA Thessaly taken and garrisoned by Alex of Pherae. | 364 CAH 6-202 |
| c.364 | ALEXANDER tyrant of Pherae 369-58, ally of Athens, tries to expand into Boeotia. | 364 CDCC 673 |
| c.364 | Phthiotic Achaea taken and garrisoned by Alex of Pherae. | 364 CAH 6-202 |
| c.364 | CHION, eponymous archon of Athens from 365, ends. TIMOCRATES succeeds until 363. | 364 wikEA |
| c.364 | PISA in Elea, under city of Elea from 572, joins Arcadian League until 360. | 364 rcPl |
| c.364 | Magnesia, Phthiotis, and other Thessalian regions opposed to Alex of Pherae appeal to Thebes for help. Thebes agrees, and prepares to send Pelopidas. | 364 CAH 6-202, DGRBM 1-124, 3-180 |
| 364 Jun 13 |
SOLAR ECLIPSE disturbs the army of Theban democrat PELOPIDAS preparing to march against Alexander of Pherae. "When the common council of the Boeotians convened and the envoys had explained the matters on which they had been instructed, the Boeotians concurred with the Thessalians in every matter, gave Pelopidas seven thousand men and ordered him speedily to assist as requested; but as Pelopidas was hastening to leave with his army, the sun, as it happened, was eclipsed." (Diodoros: Historical Library 15-80-2) |
364 Jul 13 CAH 6-202 364 Jun 13 DGRBM 1-125, 3-180, hbar, wikAlxΦ |
| 364 |  Theban democrat PELOPIDAS then leads only 300 volunteer cavalry and mercenaries, and joins Thessalian allies, defeats ALEXANDER of Pherae at CYNOSCEPHALAE Thessaly, but PELOPIDAS is killed in battle. |
364 B76 VII-842, 8-365, CAH 6-202, CDCC 656, 878, DGRBM 3-180, DGRG 1-726, Dur 2-741, GHH, LEWH 77, MCAW 155, OCD 41, 795, bk |
| 364 | Thebes immediately sends a powerful force, which defeats ALEXANDER of Pherae 369-58 again, obliges him to withdraw from the Thessalian cities he had occupied, and to become an ally of Thebes. | 364 CAH 6-202 |
| c.364 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, ruler of Boeotia, challenges Athenian naval supremacy, leads a fleet as far as Byzantium. Gets several cities in Athenian League to rebel. Fleet returns home. | 364 CAH 6-201-2, OCD 386, 969 364/3 B76 6-903 363 DGRG 1-657 |
| c.364 | LACHES and his Athenian squadron forced out of Byzantium by Epaminondas of Thebes. | 363 DGRG 1-657 |
| c.364 | CHERSONESE, in 2nd Athenian League 386-338, disputed by Cotys-I king of Odrysians in Thrace. Cotys employs mercenary captain Charidemos of Oreos. |
364 DGRBM 1-869 |
| c.364 | ORCHOMENOS Boeotia, suspected of a plot by Orchomenian knights and Theban exiles to overthrow the Theban constitution, destroyed by Boeotian League. | 364 B76 II-114, CAH 6-189, 205, MCAW 154, OCD 755 |
| c.364 | 104th Olympic games disrupted by Arcadian invasion of Elis. Arcadians revive claims of the Pisans to control the Olympic games. Arcadian government takes some of the sacred treasures at Olympia to pay their troops. | 364 CAH 6-203-4, DGRG 1-192, 819, GHH, OCD 835, bk |
| c.364 | STRATOLAS, leader of the oligarch party at Elis, leads a band called "The 300". falls in battle at Olympia against the Arcadians, who had invaded Elis, and were attempting to celebrate the Olympic games under the presidency of Pisa. | 364 DGRBM 3-923 |
| c.364 | While the games are going on, the Eleans march into the consecrated ground and attack the Arcadians. The Eleans are driven back. Elean leader Andromachos suicides. No more fighting in this war is recorded after the battle at Olympia. | 364 DGRBM 1-172, DGRG 1-819 |
| c.364 | Sculptor LYSIPPOS of Sicyon creates statues of Thebans. | 364 CAH 6 |
| c.364 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, tries to increase revenue by hiring out as mercenary to Ariobarzanes in Anatolia. | 364 OCD 27 |
| c.364 | Sidonian merchants exempt from taxes by Athenian decree. | 364 CAH 6-328 |
| c.364 | Thebans march north into Thessaly. | 364 CAH 6-202 |
| c.364/3 | ARCADIAN LEAGUE has internal dispute over use of Olympic funds. | 364/3 CAH 6 |
| c.363 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, ruler of Boeotia, defeats Athenian ally ALEXANDER tyrant of PHERAE 369-58, who is compelled to join Boeotian League. | 363 LEWH 77 no date: OCD 41 |
| c.363 | POTIDAEA Chalcidice, under Sparta from 382, recovered by Timotheos, under Athens until 356. |
364 DGRG 1-560, rcSB2 363 OCD 870 |
| c.363 | TIMOCRATES, eponymous archon of Athens from 364, ends. CHARICLEIDES succeeds until 362. | 363 wikEA |
| c.362 | ARCADIAN LEAGUE under Thebes from 370 disbands for lack of funds. Wealthy oligarchs take over cities and make peace with Elis and Achaea. Radicals appeal to Epaminondas of Thebes. TEGEA and MEGALOPOLIS Arcadia remain pro-Theban. | 363 fall CAH 6, DGRBM 2-23 362 B76 6-903, LEWH 77, OCD 665, rcPl |
| c.362 | MEGALOPOLIS Arcadia, in Arcadian League from 370, becomes a republic until 338. | 362 rcPl |
| c.362 | AMPHIPOLIS becomes Macedonian Protectorate until 357. | 362 rcSB2 |
| c.362 | MILTOCYTHES, a chief inder Cotys-I, rebels, solicits Athenian help by promising to deliver Chersonese. | 362 DGRBM 1-869 |
| c.362 | COTYS-I, king of Odrysians in Thrace 384-59, sends letter to Athens, outbids Miltocythes, and secures alliance with Athens. | 362 DGRBM 1-869 |
| c. 362 | CHERSONESE, in 2nd Athenian League 386-338, recaptured by Cotys-I king of Odrysians in Thrace and mercenary captain Charidemos of Oreus. Under Odrysians until 357, except Sestos, which is lost 361. |
362 CAH 6-464 |
| c.362 | Other cities of former Arcadian League ally with Elis and Achaea. All these jointly ally with Athens. | 362 LEWH 77 |
| c.362 | CHARICLEIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 363, ends. MOLON succeeds until 361. | 362 wikEA |
| c.362 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, invades Arcadia. | 362 DGRBM 1-69 |
| c.362 | MANTINEA Arcadia, newly restored from 370, allies with Sparta. | 362 LEWH 77 |
| c.362 | EPAMINONDAS, strategos of Thebes 371-62, advances into Peloponnese, makes an attempt on Sparta, but is foiled by Archidamos. | 363 B76 I-489 362 DGRBM 1-267 |
| c.362 | CALLISTRATOS and CHABRIAS, both out of favor in Athens from 366, restored before battle of Mantinea. | 362 OCD 225 |
| c. 362 | EPAMINONDAS strategos of Thebes with 33,000 south Arcadians, Messenians, and Argives, fights 22,000 Spartans under Agesilaos-II, Athenians, Eleans, and north Arcadians at MANTINEA. Who won is disputed. Both sides are exhausted. | 362 B76 VI-581, IX-928, 6-903, 8-365, BCoC 386, CAH 6, CDCC 129, 547, DGRBM 1-69, DGRG 1-192, Dur 2-463, GHH, LEWH 77, MCAW 154, OCD 644, OHG, RAH 304, SHWC 69 |
 |
| c.362 | EPAMINONDAS dies. Strategos of Thebes from 371, mortally wounded at Mantinea, advises Boeotians to make peace before dying. | 362 B76 IX-928, 6-903, 8-365, CAH 6, CDCC 315, 878, DGRBM 1-125, Dur 2-463, GHH, LEWH 77, MCAW 154, OCD 385, OHG, RAH 304, TToH, bk, wikEp |
| c.362 | GRYLLOS, son of Xenophon, in Athenian cavalry, killed at battle of Mantinea. After his death, elaborate eulogies are made for him by Isocrates and others. | 362 CAH 6-618, DGRBM 2-315, enot |
| c.362 | GREECE: exhausted by Mantinea. Theban supremacy of Greece from 371 ends. Internal quarrels continue. Athens slightly dominant. | 362 B76 8-365, CDCC 878, MCAW 154 |
| c.362 | Xenophon's History, Hellenica , ends with battle of Mantinea. | 362 DGRBM GHH |
| c.362 | AUTOCLES appointed by Athens to command in Thrace until 361. | 362 DGRBM 1-446 |
| c.362 | A general peace is made based on status quo, but is rejected by Sparta, which wants to rule Messenia. | 362 B76 8-365, CAH 6, DGRBM, LEWH 77 |
| c.362 | COTYS-I opposes Ariobarzanes and SATRAP'S REVOLT because they compete with him for dominance of the Hellespont. | 362 DGRBM 1-870 |
| c.362 | CHARIDEMOS, Euboean mercenary, hires out to COTYS-I until 360 in Thrace. Joins SATRAP'S REVOLT. | 362 OCD 227 |
| c.362 | HYPERIDES, Athenian son of Glaucippos, prosecutes ARISTOPHON. | 362 OCD 535 |
| c.362 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, organizes defense of Sparta again. | 362 OCD 27 |
| 362/1 | The anti-Theban section of Arcadia (Mantinea and its allies), Achaea, Elis and Phlios ally with Athens, to form a league of Greek city-states pledging mutual assistance against invasion or any attempt to subvert their respective constitutions, and to observe a general peace. Sparta refuses to join, preferring to force Messenia back into servitude. | winter 362/1 CAH 6-207, lvG 361 GHH |
| c.361 | Orator CALLISTRATOS of Aphidna, in Arcadia, impeached again in Athens, this time condemned to death, flees to Methone on coast of Macedonia, reorganizes finances for Perdiccas-III. | 361 DGRBM 1-578, GHH, IDB 3-786, OCD 196, wikCal |
| c.361 | POTIDAEA Chalcidice, nominally independent under Athens 363-56, is forced to accept an Athenian cleruchy. |
362 OCD 225 361 CAH 6-737, LEWH 77, OCD 252, 870 361/0 CAH 6-201 |
| c.361 | SESTOS Chersonese, under Cotys-I from 362, recovered by Athens temporarily. | 361 CAH 6-464 |
| c.361 | Athenian CHARES appointed to succeed Athenian admiral Leosthenes after his defeat by Alex of Pherae. | 361 DGRBM 1-125, 682 |
| c.361 | MOLON, eponymous archon of Athens from 362, ends. NICODEMOS succeeds until 360. | 361 wikEA |
| c.361 | Athenian admiral LEOSTHENES condemned to death by Athenians and executed. | 361 DGRBM 2-760, wikL |
| c.361 | DEMOSTHENES writes speech "Against Polycles". | 361 DGRA 1159 |
| c.361 | AUTOCLES Athenian commander in Thrace from 362, replaced by TIMOMACHOS until 360. Timomachos is unfit for command. | 361 DGRBM 3-1142 |
| 361 May 12 |
SOLAR ECLIPSE foretold by Helicon "Helicon, the Cyzicenian, one of Plato's followers, foretold an eclipse of the sun, which happened according to his prediction; for which he was much admired by the tyrant, and rewarded with a talent of silver;" (Plutarch: Dion 19) |
361 May 12 hbar |
| c.361 | PLATO, in Athens from 366/5, leaves pupil Heracleides Ponticos in charge of the Academy while he and nephew Speusippos sail on Plato's 3rd & last visit to Syracuse until 360. | 361 B76 IX-416, 8-370, 14-532, CAH 6-608, Dur 2-458, EoΦ 6-314, GHH, KPHP 68, MCAW 155, OCD 351, 500, 1009, OHG 361/0 CHHΦ, OCD 500, wikHP |
| c.361 | AGESILAOS-II, Eurypontid king of Sparta 399-60, goes to Egypt, hires out to pharaoh Teos who is preparing to attack Persian territory in Syria. | 361 DGRBM 1-70, GHH, Grim 377, lvG, OCD 27 361/60 Shaw 380 |
| c.361 | Athenian CHABRIAS, also hires out to pharaoh Teos. | 361 B76 II-702, DGRBM 1-676 |
| c.361 | Athenian CHARES for some reason helps the oligarchs of Corcyra against the democrats. | 361 DGRBM 1-682 |
| 361/0 | Callistratos of Aphidna doubles revenue from a Macedonian harbor tax from 20 to 40 talents. | 361/0 CAH 6-545 |
| c.361/0 | Thessalian opponents of Alex of Pherae ally with Athens against him. | 361/0 CAH 6-203, 208 |
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Balkan Peninsula 360-345
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