| c.200 | 4 LEAF CLOVER made sacred by Druid priests in Britain, who think a person who has one can sight demons and thwart them by incantations. | 200 EOET 8 |
| c.200 | DAIRE, king of Ulster from 272, ends. EADHNA-I succeeds until 195. | 200 rcI |
| c.200 | 
CARN EUNY iron age village in Cornwall: first timber huts there are built. |
photo Andy Wright 200 wikCE |
| c.200 | BELGAE begin settling on south coast of Britain until 43CE. | 200 wikPB |
| c.200 | SHIPS in Scandinavia, still don't have sails, oarlocks, or outriggers. | 200 Dur 3-20 |
| c.200 |  TEUTONS, Germanics between the Rhine & Elbe from 1000, reach the Main tributary to the Rhine.Marcomani will do same c.100. |
200 LEWH 157 |
| c.200 | HEMP grown in the Rhine valley is traded to the Mediterranean coast for ropes to use on ships. | 200 B76 15-1145 |
| c.200 | Western SARMATIA, northwest of Black Sea, under La Tene Celts from 280, comes under the Bastarnae until 50. | 200 rcEB |
| c.200 | BASTARNAE, living between the Carpathian mountains and the Dnieper 1st appear on lower Danube. | 200 OCD 162 |
| c.200 | DACIA, under La Tene Celts from 300, comes under Dacians (Getae?) until 106CE. Exists as a state until 31. | 200 rcEB |
| by 200 | ZALMODEGICUS, king of the Getae, has authority as far west as Istria. | by 200 wikGt |
| c.200 | Area presently called MOLDAVIA, northwest of Black Sea, under La Tene Celts from 280, comes under Sarmatians until 50. | 200 rcEB |
| c.200 | WALLACHIA (southeast Dacia), under Le Tene Gauls from 300, comes under Dacia until 106CE. | 200 rcEB |
| c.200 | DACIA extends from Tlsza river to lower Danube until 31. | 200 B76 2-615 |
| c.200 | CELTS of Vltava River valley from 500, end. | 200 B76 14-944 |
| c.186 | Transalpine Gauls move into Istria peninsula until 181. | 186 OCD 90 |
| c.186 | About 50,000 CARNI, part of the Taurisci (Norici) confederation of Gauls in Noricum, cross the Alps from Veneti territory in Noricum to Veneti territory in Italy. | 186 hifiCrn |
| c.183 | 3 Envoys including L. Manlius Acidinus, Q. Minucius Rufus, are sent from Italy to Transalpine Gaul. | 183 DGRBM 1-13, 3-675 |
| c.183 | 12,000 Celtic TAURISCI migrate west to Akileja, future site of Aquileia. | 183 wikAq |
| c.183 | Praetor L.(1) Julius CAESAR is sent to Cisalpine Gaul, and ordered to prevent the Transalpine Gauls from building Akileja. | 183 DGRBM 1-537 |
| c.183 | Gauls in Istria from 186, are ordered to leave by consul M.(5) Claudius Marcellus, who confiscates any movable property they had brought with them. He says their property will be returned when they are about to leave Italy. | 183 DGRBM 3-606, DGRG 1-944, LdHR 2-56, atl2 |
| They quietly cross the Alps under the inspection of 3 senators (including L. Furius Purpurio), who are well received by the Transalpine Gauls. |
| c.183 | Consul M.(5) Claudius Marcellus in Venetia writes and asks permission of the senate to lead his legions into Istria, which is occupied by weak Transalpine Gauls. | 183 DGRG 1-944, LdHR 2-56 |
| Without waiting for reply, he marches into Istria. Then he gets permission. |
| c.181 |  AQUILEIA (Latinized from Akileja which was destroyed 183) founded as Latin colony by 3 Roman commissioners including C.(2) Flaminius, P.(7) Scipio Nasica, with 3,000 colonists. They are given unusually large land allotments (pedites 50 iugera, centuriones 100 iugera, equites 140 iugera) to control the Veneti and the passes threatened by the Gauls. The colony disturbs the Istri. |
183 DGRG 1-944, SORH 181 B76 7-960, 15-1096, CAH 8-206, 505, CDCC 53, DGRBM 2-168, 3-751, DGRG 1-170, 2-1273, MCAW, OCD 90, atl2 181/0 wikAq |
| c.181 | Transalpine Gauls in Istria from 186, expelled by Romans. | 181 CAH 8, OCD 90 |
| 181/0 | Praetor Q.(2) FABIUS BUTEO campaigns in Istria near Aquileia. | 181/0 wikRGG |
| c.180 | The ARVERNI Confederation in south-central Gaul comes under king LUERNIUS until 167. | 180 hifiArv, rcC |
| c.178 | Consul Gn. Manlius Vulso attacks the Istri. He is ambushed and chased out of his camp, but saved by bravery of tribune C. Aelius. He then defeats the Istri. | 178 CAH 8-116, DGRBM 3-1286, atl2, wikRGG |
| c.177 | TERGESTE Istria comes under Rome. | 177 B76 X-121 |
| c.177 | Consul C.(4) CLAUDIUS PULCHER, comes to Istria, quarrels with prococonsular predecessors, Vulso & Buteo. | 177 wikRGG |
| c.177 | ISTRIA, under the Illyrian Istrii from ?, under king Aepulo from ?, conquered by consul C.(4) CLAUDIUS PULCHER, who takes 5,632 prisoners and the equivalent of at least 350,000 denarii. Istrian towns Nesactium, Mutila, and Faveria are taken. Istria is annexed by Rome intil 395CE. |
178 rcCE 177 B76 V-466, CAH 8-116, DGRG 2-73, 89, 643, LdHR 2-56, SORH, OCD 556, 928, atl2, wikRGG |
| c.175 |  Southeast Britain begins developing advanced pottery-making skills. |
175 wikPB |
| c.169 | AQUILEIA colony on north Adriatic from 181, receives 1,500 more families, under supervision of 3 men: M. Cornelius Cethegus, T. Annius Luscus, P. Decius Subulo. | 169 DGRBM 1-675, 2-842, 3-930, DGRG 1-170 |
| c.167 | LUERNIUS, king of the ARVERNI Confederation in south-central Gaul from 180, ends. Son BITUITUS succeeds until 121. | 167 hifiArv, rcC |
| c.166 | Consuls C.(2) GALLUS (Galba) and M.(7) Marcellus cross southwest Alps into Gaul. On the west slopes they subdue Gauls and Ligurians. | 166 DGRBM 2-229, LdHR 2-101 |
| c.156 | DALMATIANS occupy coast lands between Istria peninsula and Illyria. | 156 LdHR 2-101 |
| c.156 | The Deciates, west Ligurians, besiege Antipolis (Antibes) and Nicaea (Nice). | 156 LdHR 2-101 no date: DGRG 1-757, 953 |
| c.154 | MASSILIA Gaul, attacked by Ligurian Deciates and Oxybii, asks protection from Rome, which sends some commissioners, who land at Aegitna 3km north of Antipolis in the territory of the Oxybii; but the Oxybii, who heard that they came to order them to raise siege, wounds one of the commissioners. | 155 wikOx 154 B76 7-960, CAH 8, 9-23, DGRG 1-757, 953, 2-672, OCD 609, SORH |
| c.154 | NICAEA and ANTIPOLIS on the coast of Liguria, besieged by Ligurian Oxybii and Deciates. | 154 DGRG 2-424 |
| c.154 | Consul Q. OPIMIIUS is sent from Rome to Gaul to help Massilia. He fights the Oxybii and Deciatae, Ligurian tribes who live west of the Varus. | 154 DGRBM 3-33, DGRG 2-185, wikRGG |
| c.154 | Consul Q. Opimius defeats the Transalpine Ligurian Oxybii and Deciates at Aegitna, and gives part of their country to Massalia. | 154 DGRBM 3-33, DGRG 1-757, 2-887, GHH, LdHR 2-101, SORH, atl2, wikRGG |
| c.152 | Roman success in Gaul. | 152 atl2 |
| c.150 | Metal COINS begin in Britain. There is now widespread contact with the Continent thru Celtic tribes. | 150 brtT, hifiCT |
| c.150 | Druids celebrate start of winter by offering MISTLETOE to their gods. Mistletoe is hung in homes for good luck. If enemies under a tree having mistletoe, they are required to disarm and ignore their enmity for a day. | 200-100 EOET 68 |
| c.150 |  WANDSWORTH SHIELD lost in the Thames at Wandsworth, where it will be discovered in 1849. Made of bronze 33cm diameter, Celtic La Tène style decoration. |
photo Johnbod 2-100 wikWnSh |
| c.150 | TREVERI, a Celtic speaking Belgic tribe who claim Germanic descent, occupy the lower Moselle valley. Capital at Titelberg (Trier). | 150 wikTr |
| c.150 | SCIPIO AEMILIANUS passes thru Massilia and other cities, and makes enquiries about British Isles. Polybius accompanies. | 150 atl2 |
| c.150 | Belgae territory penetrated by Romans. | 150 B76 I-944 |
| c.150 | Le Tene CELTS between East Carpathians and the Dniester from ?, expelled by Dacians. La Tene material disappears. | 150 wikCiT, wikDc |
| c.146 | POLYBIUS sails in the Atlantic. | 146 B76 8-389 |
| c.146 | Consul Appius Claudius attacks the Salassi without provocation, and is defeated by them with a loss of 5,000 men. | 146 hifiSls |
| c.129 | Massilia sends ambassadors to Rome to intercede for Phocaea, which the senate had ordered destroyed. | 129 atl2 |
| c.125 | The Deciates Ligurians again join the Salluvii (Salyes) against Massilia. | 125 DGRG 1-757, GHH |
| c.125 | Massilia is attacked by the Salluvii. | 125 CAH 9-23 |
| c.125 | Massilia appeals to Rome for help against the Salluvii. | 125 atl2 |
| c.125 | Consul M. Fulvius FLACCUS is sent to help Massilia against the Salluvii. He defeats Salluvii same year. | 125 B76 7-960, CAH 9-24, DGRBM 2-155, DGRG 1-954, 2-887, LEWH 103, MCAW, OCD 440, SORH, atl2 |
| c.125 | Consul M. Fulvius FLACCUS subdues the Transalpine Ligurians. | 125 CAH 9-24, DGRBM 2-155 |
| c.125 | Consul M. Fulvius FLACCUS campaign against the Vocontii on the east bank of the Rhone. | 125 B76 7-960, CAH 9 |
| c. 125 | A Gaul named LUCERIUS (Lucernius) is so wealthy he drives a chariot, scattering gold and silver among the Celts who follow him. He fenced a space of 12 furlongs square, in which he erected wine-presses, full of expensive liquors. He prepared so much food that for many days anyone was welcome to enjoy it, being waited on without interruption or cessation. Once he invited to a banquet, a poet from some barbarian tribe. The poet came too late and met him on the way, and sung a hymn in which he extolled Lucerius' magnificence, and apologized for having come too late. Luernius called for a bag of gold, and threw it to the poet as he was running by his chariot. | 125 atl2 |
| c.124 | Consul Sextius Calvinus advances west over Alps into Gaul land. War with the Arverni and Allobroges until 121. Begins ground work for Transalpine Gaul. | 124 CAH 9 121 DGRG 1-229 |
| c.124 | SALLUVII (Salyes) and allies north of Massilia, defeated by C. SEXTIUS CALVINUS, proconsul of Transalpine Gaul until . | 124 B76 7-960, OCD 610, 947 123 DGRBM 1-585, atl2 |
| c.124 | C. SEXTIUS CALVINUS, proconsul of Transalpine Gaul, defeats the Allobroges. | 124 SORH |
| c.124 | M. Fulvius FLACCUS continues as proconsul until 123, again campaigns against the Vocontii on the east bank of the Rhone. | 124 B76 7-960, SORH, wikRGG |
| c.124 | ARELATE, capital of the Salluvii from ?, destroyed by C. Sextius CALVINUS, proconsul of Transalpine Gaul. Comes under Rome until ?.. | 124 OCD 610, 947 123 DGRG 1-196, wikAr |
| c.124 | M. Fulvius FLACCUS defeats the Vocontii, and Salluvii. | 124 SORH |
| c.123 | Q.(10) Fabius Maximus campaigns in Narbonensis, defeats the Allobroges, Helvii, and Arverni under King Bituitus. | 123 hifiVc, wikNrb |
| c.123 | C. SEXTIUS CALVINUS, proconsul of Transalpine Gaul 123-2, defeats the Vocontii, Salluvii, and Ligurii, drives them back toward Alps. | 124 CAH 9-24 123 DGRG 2-185, 887 no date: DGRG 1-169, OCD 197, wikRGG |
| c.123 | ENTREMONT, a Celto-Ligurian hilltop fort from 350? 19 miles north of Massillia in Salluvii territory, is refounded as AQUAE SEXTIAE (later Aix), 1st Roman fort in Transalpine Gaul, by C. Sextius Calvinus, proconsul of Transalpine Gaul. | 124 wikGM 123 B76 I-169, OCD 89 122 DGRG 1-169, 954, 2-672, 887, GHH, MCAW, SORH, atl2, wikRGG no date: DGRBM 1-585, OCD 197 |
CONFUSION ALERT! Though Transalpine Gaul is technically all Gaul north of the Alps, the term is often used to mean specifically Narbonensis.
| c.122 | VIENNE on the Rhone in Gaul becomes Roman town, under Rome almost uninterruptedly until 275. | 122 B76 X-426 no date: OCD 197 |
| c.122 | Consul Gn.(3) Domitius AHENOBARBUS arrives in Transalpine Gaul to fight Allobroges and Arverni until ?. | 122 B76 7-960, DGRBM 1-84, SORH |
| c.122 | Consul Gn. Domitius AHENOBARBUS defeats the Saluvii near confluence of the Rhone and Sorgue TEUTOMALIUS, king of the Saluvii, flees north to the Allobroges. | 122 B76 7-960, DGRBM 3-1015, DGRG 1-954, hifiArv |
| c.122 | Consul Gn. Domitius AHENOBARBUS demands extradition of Salluvii chiefs. Allobroges refuse. | 122 B76 7-960, DGRG 1-954 |
| c.121 | The Allobroges allied with the Arverni and Ruteni are at war with the Aedui. | 121 DGRG 1-229 |
| c.121 | AEDUI, Gallic tribe in central Gaul, oppressed by the Arverni, Salluvii, and Allobroges, appeal to Rome. | 122 SORH, atl2 121 OCD 12 |
| c.121 | ALLOBROGES are completely defeated by Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and under Rome until 61. Romans adopt the Greek practice of erecting TROPHIES on the battlefield. | 121 CAH 10-523, CDGRA 656, DGRG 1-954, GHH, SORH, wikRGG |
| c.121 | Allobroges and Arverni under Bituitus begin preparations for another war. | 121 DGRBM 1-491 |
| c.121 | Achaean League sends troops to join Domitius Ahenobarbus(3)' army in Gaul. | 121 atl2 |
| c.121 | The ARVERNI under Bituitus, the Ruteni and the Allobroges are defeated by Consul Q.(10) Fabius MAXIMUS and proconsul Gn. Domitius AHENOBARBUS-3, at Vindalium east of the Rhone. 120,000 Arverni killed. The Ruteni, Segovellauni, and Vocontii are subjugated at the same time. Their territory is not made into a province. This defeat allows the unsubdued Aeduii and Sequani to rise in power. | 121 B76 7-960, CAH 9, DGRBM 1-84, 491, DGRG 1-229, 2-860, OCD 36, 128, 429, SORH, atl2, bk, hifiAd. hifiAlb, hifiArv |
| c.121 | BITUITUS, chief of the Arverni from 167, tricked and captured by Gn. Domitius AHENOBARBUS-3. His son Congeniatus is also captured. Both are sent to Rome. | 123 hifiArv, rcC 121 B76 7-960, CAH 9, DGRBM 1-491, OCD 36, 128, 429, atl2 |
| c.121 | TRANSALPINE GAUL (Narbonese Gaul) between Pyrenees and Alps becomes province of NARBONENSIS under Q. Fabius and Gn. Domitius AHENOBARBUS-3. Safe land route to Hispania. | 122 MCAW 121 CAH 9, GHH, HRE 83, OCD 47, OHG 235, SORH, wikGAq, wikNrb, wikTAR 118 GHH |
CONFUSION ALERT! Though Transalpine Gaul is technically all Gaul north of the Alps, the term is often used to mean specifically Narbonensis.
| c.121 | VIA DOMITIA begun by consul 122 Gn.(3) Domitius Ahenobarbus from the Rhone to the Pyrenees.' Finished 118. | 121 SORH 122-20 wikRGG |
| c.121 | Achaean League sends troops to join Domitius Ahenobarbus(3)' army in Gaul. | 121 atl2 |
| c.121 | Romans help Contoniatus to establish himself as a chieftain in Gaul. | 121 atl2 |
| c.120 | VANDALS, Germanics in south Scandinavia from ?, move to south coast of Baltic Sea until ?. | no date: OCD 1107 |
| c.120 | VANDALS settle in Silesia on the Oder until ?. | 120 wikVn |
| c.118 | Narbo Martius (Narbonne 45) refounded by Q. Marius as an exercise in agricultural colonization, for the benefit of Italian civilians. 1st transmarine colony with citizen rights. | 118 CAH 10-469, 476, GHH, SORH, wikNrb, wikRGG |
| c.118 | 
VIA DOMITIA, begun 121 from the Rhone to the Pyrenees, finished. 1st Roman road built in Gaul. Starts at Briganto, passes thru Arelate, crosses the Rhone at Ugernum, passes thru Nemausus, and Narbo, where the Via Aquitania will soon connect to the Atlantic coast. |
118 midi, rmhs, wikVD |
| c.118 | 
THIBERY BRIDGE allows Via Domitia to cross the Herault river. Has 9 arches with spanning 10-12m each. Road rests on wide piers, protected on both sides by arched floodways and large cutwaters. Original length probably 150m, road width 4m. |
photo: Fagairolles 27BC-14CE wikRBST |
| c.117 | CIMBRIAN FLOOD: Jutland is flooded by the sea. Permanently alters the shape of the coastline, and drastically affects the way people live. | 120-114 hifiTtn, |
| c.115 | Consul M.(1) Aemilius SCAURUS pushes east across Julian Alps, campaigns against the Taurisci (later Norici), Carni, and others, defeats the Carni and probably the Taurisci, establishes Roman influence. | 115 CAH 9-108, DGRBM 3-736, SORH, hifiNT |
| c.113 | More than 500,000 Germanic CIMBRI under Boiorix and TEUTONS under Teutobod in Denmark, have bad living conditions, begin migrating south thru Gaul. This mass wandering thru western Europe probably causes migrations of Belgae from northern Gaul to Britain. |  |
118 dndbt 114 MCAW 113 DGRG 2-1133, GHH, atl2, hifiBo, hifiTtn 113-05 hifiKB |
| c.113 | VOLCAE TECTOSAGES of Germany, and AMBRONES & TIGURINI (subtribes of Helvetii) in the Main valley all join the CIMBRI migration. | 113 LdHR 2-240, hifiBo, hifiHlv, hifiTtn |
| CIMBRI are called such by the Romans because "cumfhi" is the Celtic word for a league of tribes. | MCAW 233 |
| c.113 | TIGURINI (subtribe of Helvetii), 300,000 fighting men, plus women and children, appear in Noricum. | 113 DGRBM 2-954 |
| In central Germany, "cimbri" comes to mean robber. | LdHR 2-240 |
| c.113 | Celtic BOII of Bohemia 191, repel attack by Cimbri. | 113 B76 3-1074 |
| c.113 | Germanic CIMBRI and TEUTONS invade Noricum, home of the Taurisci (Norici), and a major steel producing area. Taurisci ask Romans for help. | 113 wikBN, wikNrc |
| c.113 | Germanic CIMBRI and TEUTONS move down the Danube and into Illyria | 113 GHH, atl2 |
| c.113 | Germanic CIMBRI and TEUTONS from east of the Rhine (300,000 fighting men with families, animals, wagons, etc.) move into the Roman Alpine region until 112. | 113 Dur 3-118, LdHR 2-240, LEWH 105 |
| c.113 | Germanic CIMBRI and TEUTONS first contact Romans in Noricum. | 113 ooctA |
| c.113 | CIMBRI and TEUTONS WAR with Rome begins until 101. | 113 Dur 3-110, GHH |
| c.113 | Consul Gn. Papirius CARBO crosses Alps against the Cimbri and Teutons. | 113 DGRG 1-954 |
| c.113 | Consul Gn. Papirius CARBO after coming to terms with the barbarians, treacherously attacks them, but he is defeated by the Cimbri at Noreia (unknown location in Noricum), loses much of his army, and narrowly escapes. | 113 DGRBM 1-655, DGRG 1-955, 2-447, Dur 3-118, GHH, LdHR 2-240, LEWH 105, MCAW, SORH 112 wikBN |
| c.113 | Main body of CIMBRI move to west of the Rhine and Jura. | 113 LdHR 2-240, SORH |
 |
| c.112 | The SCORDISCI of Singidun (Belgrade) attacked by CIMBRI. | no date: B76 III-1074 |
| c.112 | CIMBRI confederation, in Noricum from 113, move west into what will become HELVETI land until 110. They are joined by some local Gauls. | 112 GHH no date: OCD 240 |
Europe 111-101
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