The land we call Syria is abbreviated from Assyria because the name stuck after Assyria fell in 612. It is arbitrarily called Aram here because the Torah calls it Aram even before the Arameans arrived.
| c.800 | PHOENICIANS exploit silver mines of Spain and north Africa. | 800 B76 II-598 |
| c.800 | JOPPA, under Israel from 990, comes under Askalon until 701. | 800 rcHL |
| c.800 | 
TEL DAN STELE: Inscribed with Old Aramaic, claimed by some scholars to contain the phrase House of David. |
photo yoav dothan 800 wikLABA |
| c.798 | JEHOAHAZ, king of Israel 814-798, makes son JOASH co-king. | 861 trubi 801 ISBE 2-1063, Jud 9-1317 799 btl 798 htc, lara |
| c.798 | Son of Jehu, JEHOAHAZ dies. King of Israel from 814. Son JOASH sole rule until 793. | 2K 13:9 858 trubi 839 GHH 802 bk 801 B76 V-538, IDB 2-810, 817, MRDK, rcHL 800 Jud 9-1315, hifiI 798 BI+N 54, CAH 3.1, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-459, 683, MCAW 61, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sdl 4-112, SOTS 194, WPOT 238, bihi, biti, bivu, ds, frN 797 DHJ 195 796 lara 767 lgbt |
| c.796 | ATARSHUMKI king of Arpad from 805, ends. Son MATILU does not succeed until 754. | 796 CAH 3.1-272, 401, 410 |
| c.796 | JOASH king of Israel 798-82, pays tribute to Adad-Nirari-III. | 796 MNHK 112 |
| c.796 | Prophet JOEL, active from 835, ends. | 796 ds |
| c.796 | Son of Ahaziah, JEHOASH dies. King of Judah from 835, killed by servants at Beth Millo because he killed Zechariah ben Jehoiada. Son (age 25) AMAZIAH succeeds to 767, immediately kills the servants who had killed his father. | 2K 12:21, 2Ch 24:25, Jehoahaz yr 2 2K 14:1 839 GHH 801 bk 800 B76 17-946, IDB 2-909, MRDK, WBH 34, rcHL 798 Jud 10-110, hifiI 797 LEWH 45, Sdl 4-112 796 CAH 3.1, CBCOT, DHJ 196, HCC, ISBE 1-478, 683, MNHK, RAI3, SOTS 203, WPOT 236, bihi, biti, bivu, btl, ds, frN, htc 795 lara 763 lgbt |
| c.795 | All land east of Jordan River that was taken by HAZAEL king of Damascus c.820 is recovered by JOASH king of Israel 798-82. | 2K 13:25 795 CBCOT |
| c.794 | AMAZIAH ben Jehoash, king of Judah 796-67, raises army of 300,000 from Judah and Benjamin, hires 100,000 mercenaries from Israel. Rebuked by a prophet for hiring Israelites because Yahweh doesn't like Israel. Pays off the mercenaries and sends them home angry. | 2Ch 25:5-10 |
| c.794 | AMAZIAH ben Jehoash, king of Judah 796-67, invades EDOM, kills 10,000 Edomites in Valley of Salt, takes another 10,000 prisoner and murders them, captures Edomite capital Sela, changes its name to Joktheel. He then brings Edomite idols back to Jerusalem, and worships them. Rebuked by a prophet who foretells his destruction. | 2K 14:7, 2Ch 25:11-16 827 GHH 794 CBCOT no date: WPOT 236-7 |
| c.794 | While Amaziah king of Judah is in Edom, the Israelite mercenaries whom he sent back plunder cities in Samaria and Judah. | 2Ch 25:13 |
| c.793 | JOASH ben Jehoahaz, king of Israel 798-82, makes son JEROBOAM-II co-king. | 836 GHH 801 IDB 2-910 793 CBCOT, HCC, MNHK, SOTS 164, 195, biti, btl, ds 793/2 bivu 792 ISBE 1-683, lara |
| c.792 | AMAZIAH king of Judah 796-67, proposes a business meeting with JOASH king of Israel. Insulted and rebuffed. Takes an army to Beth-shemesh, and is routed and captured by the army of Israel. | 2K 14:8-12, 2Ch 25:17-22 795 stlt 793 Sdl 4-140 792 MNHK 119 791 SOTS 204 790 bk |
| c.791 | JOASH king of Israel 798-82, advances to Jerusalem, breaks down 400 cubits of wall, loots the temple, takes hostages including AMAZIAH, and returns to Samaria. | 2K 14:13-14, 2Ch 25:23-24 826 GHH 791 SOTS 204 791/0 MNHK |
| c.790 | AMAZIAH king of Judah 796-67, makes son AZARIAH (aka Uzziah) co-king. | 792 ISBE 1-683, MNHK, ds 791 B76 X-320, BI+N 55 791/0 ISBE 2-886, 1010 790 CBCOT, HCC, bihi, htc 785 Jud 16-43 780 btl |
| c.785 | AMAZIAH king of Judah 796-67, hostage at Samaria from 791, released at an unknown time. Restored to throne of Judah while son AZARIAH (Uzziah) continues as co-king. | implied by 2K 14:19 782 SOTS 204, 206 |
| c.785 | AMAZIAH king of Judah 796-67, attacks Philistines, breaks walls of Gath, Jabneh, and Ashdod, establishes Judahite communities in Philistine land. | 2Ch 26:6-7 785 CBCOT |
| c.783 | AMAZIAH king of Judah 796-67, suffers palace revolt, flees to Lachish. | 2K 14:19, 2Ch 25:27 783 ISBE 3-56 |
| c.782 | Son of Jehoahaz, JOASH dies. King of Israel from 798. Son JEROBOAM-II sole rule until 753. | 2K 14:16 825 GHH 789 Jud 9-1374 788 IDB 1-118, 2-810, 817 787 bk 786 IDB 2-842, 910, ISBE 2-1063, MRDK, WBH 20, Tmsn 128, 132, rcHL 785 Jud 9-1317 784 hifiI 783 LEWH 47, RAI3, Sdl 4-141, frN 782 BI+N 55, CAH 3.1, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-683, MNHK, SOTS 194, WPOT 238, bihi, biti, btl, ds, htc, lara 782/1 ISBE 1-459, bivu 749 lgbt |
| c.782 | Prophet JONAH begins activity until 753. | 783 bihi, htc 782 CBCOT, bivu 775 ds |
| c.780 | HAMATH attacked by north Syrian confederacy. | 2K 14:25-28 780 ISBE 1-853 |
| c.780 | JEROBOAM king of Israel 782-53 expands northward at expense of Hamath. | 2K 14:28, Amos 6:2 780 ISBE 2-603 |
| c.780 | JEROBOAM king of Israel 782-53 takes back cities which had been taken by Judah. | 2K 14:25-28 780 CBCOT |
| c.774 | TYRE, independent 969-722. PYGMALION ends. King of TYRE from 820. Succession uncertain until 750. | 797 arg 785 wikT 774 LEWH 48, MWΦ 17, Sdl 1-159, adeT, rcLeb |
| c.773 | SHALMANEZER-IV king of Assyria from 783-72, attacks BEN-HAADAD-II. | 773 Jud 3-288, 5-1237, Sdl 4-143, SOTS 196, WPoT 146 |
| c. 773 | 
ZAKIR king of Hamath defeats Anti-Assyrian coalition under Ben Hadad. Erects a basalt stele to commemorate it, 62cm x 13cm. Gains independence from Damascus.
I am Zakir, king of Hamath and Luash . . . Bar-Hadad, son of Hazael, king of Aram, united against me seventeen kings . . .all these kings laid siege to Hazrach . . . Baalshamayn said to me, "Do not be afraid! . . .I will save you from all [who] have besieged you". |
photo Rama 805-775 wikSZ 775 IDB 2-712 no date: SOTS |
| c.772 | Son of Hazael, BEN-HADAD-III ends. King of Damascus from 806, overthrown by Shalmanezer-IV. TAB-EL succeeds until 750. | 770 CBCOT, ISBE 1-459, MRDK 750 LEWH 44 no date: HCC |
| c.767 | Son of Jehoash, AMAZIAH dies. king of Judah from 796, killed by conspirators at Lachish. Son (age 16) AZARIAH (Uzziah) sole rule to 740. | 2K 14:19, 2Ch 25:27 828 trubi 810 GHH 790 biti 787 bk 783 B76 17-946, IDB 1-104, MRDK, WBH 34, rcHL 781 RAI3, frN, hifiI 769 LEWH 45 768 ISBE 1-683, Sdl 4-149, SOTS 298, btl 767 CAH 3.1, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-478, 2-886, MNHK, SOTS 203, WPOT 236, bihi, bivu, htc, lara 766 Sag, RAI2 |
| c.765 | Assyrians invade Aram. | 765 Sdl 4-143 |
| c.760 | EZION-GEBER on Gulf of Aqaba, under Edom from 846, recovered by AZARIAH king of Judah until 734. | 2K 14:22 no date: IDB 2-71 |
| c.760 | Prophet AMOS, begins at Bethel where Israel has an important temple. Amos continues until 753. | 765 MCAW 62 764 bihi, htc 763 ds 760 CBCOT, IDB 1-118, bivu, bk 750 BCoC 190, TAWH 16, mxfld |
| c.760 | Earthquake in Israel mentioned by Amos. | Amos 1:1 760 ISBE 2-4 |
| c.755 | Assyrians invade Aram again. | 755 Sdl 4-143 |
| c.755 | Prophet HOSEA, begins ministry in Israel just before extermination of house of Jehu. On Yahweh's order, he marries prostitute Gomer, and conceives son Jezreel. Ministry lasts until 715. | Hos 1:4 760 CBCOT 755 bihi, bivu, ds, htc 750 bk 747 or earlier: IDB 2-651 745 ISBE 1-486 740 mxfld |
| c.754 | ????, king of Arpad from 796, ends. Son of Atarshumki, MATI-ILU succeeds until 740. | 754 CAH 3.1 |
| c.753 | Prophet JONAH, active from 782, ends. | 753 bivu |
| c.753 | Son of Joash, JEROBOAM-II dies. King of Israel from 782. Son ZECHARIAH succeeds until 752. | 2K 14:29, 15:8 802 trubi 784 GHH 754 Sdl 4-140 753 CAH 3.1, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-683, MNHK, SOTS 164, 195, WPOT 238, bihi, biti, ds, htc 751 lara 748 LEWH 47, hifiI 747 IDB 1-118, bk 746 IDB 2-842, MRDK, Tmsn 132, rcHL 745 BI+N 55, WBH 20 743 RAI3, frN 742 btl 686 lgbt |
| c.752 | Son of Jeroboam-II, ZECHARIAH dies. King of Israel from 753, killed by Shallum ben Jabesh. SHALLUM succeeds 1 month. | 2K 15:10 777 trubi 772 GHH 753 MNHK, Sdl 4-191, ds 752 CAH 3.1, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-683, SOTS 196, bihi, biti, bivu, htc 750 lara 748 hifiI 747 IDB 4-304, Jud 14-1269 745 MRDK, Tmsn 133, rcHL 743 RAI3 Son of Jeroboam-IISon of Jeroboam-II741 btl 685 lgbt |
| JEHU DYNASTY ends. Began 841. |
| c.752 | MENAHEM ben Gadi marches from Tirzah against Shallum. | 748 Jud 15-1153 |
| c.752 | Son of Jabesh, SHALLUM dies. King of Israel 752, killed in Samaria by Menahem ben Gadi, MENAHEM succeeds until 742. | 2K 15:14 777 trubi 772 GHH 752 CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-683, MNHK, RAI2, Sag, SOTS 197, bihi, biti, bivu, ds, htc 750 lara 748 hifiI 747 IDB 4-304, Jud 14-1269 746 Jud 11-1302 745 IDB 3-347, MRDK, Tmsn 132, rcHL 743 RAI3 741 btl 685 lgbt |
| c.752 | PEKAH ben Remaliah, general of Israel, becomes independent king in Gilead and rival of the kings of Israel until 740. | 752 MNHK 63 |
| c.750 | TAB-EL ends. King of Damascus from 772. Son REZON-II succeeds until 732. | 750 CBCOT, HCC, SOTS 164 740 ISBE 4-180, MRDK, RAI3, rcS |
| c.750 | TYRE, independent 969-722, under uncertain rulership from 774, comes under a known king. ITTOBALE-II rules until 739. | 772 arg 750 ISBE 1-854, adeT, wikT 702 arg |
| c.750 | AZARIAH-II becomes High Priest of Jerusalem until ?. | 750 af |
| c.750 | AZARIAH (Uzziah), king of Judah 767-40, tries to burn incense at temple altar. High Priest Azariah and 80 priests forbid him. King gets angry at priests, then gets leprosy. Lives the rest of his life in "a separate house". | 2K 15:5, 2Ch 26:16 772 GHH 750 IDB 4-743, SOTS 298, 322 |
| c.750 | AZARIAH (Uzziah) ben Amaziah, king of Judah 767-40, makes son JOTHAM co-king. | 772 GHH 751 Sdl 4-149 750 ISBE 1-683, 2-1140, ds |
| c.750 | Λ Elohist "E" V version of Pentateuch begins in Samaria. | 750 ISBE 1-487 |
| c.750 | Book of Amos written. The idea of its being divinely inspired comes 500 years later. | 750 IDB 1-501, ISBE 1-486 |
| c.750 | Prophet AMOS, earliest of the literary prophets, begun 760, ends. | 755 ds 753 bivu 750 IDB 1-501, MCAW 62 745 IDB 1-118 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, enters Levant until 738. | 770 GHH 745 Sdl 4-169 743 SOTS 207 |
| c.743 | North Phoenicia as far as, but excluding, Gebal, made an Assyrian province with center at Simirra. Only Arvad remains autonomous. | 743 ISBE 3-859 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, begins series of campaigns in Aramean state of Arpad until 739. Besieges city of Arpad (25km north of Halap) until 740. | 743 Sdl 4-194, MNHK 146, SOTS 207 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, enters Levant until 738. | 745 Sdl 4-169 743 SOTS 207 |
| c.743 | REZON, king of Damascus, pays tributr to TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27. | 743 Tmsn 133 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, takes several towns around Hamath, distributes territories among his generals, forcibly removes 1,223 inhabitants to the valley of the Upper Tigris. He takes tribute from Hamath's king, Eni-Ilu (Eniel). | 743 wikHm |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, claims to receive tribute from HIRAM king of Tyre. | 743 MNHK 147, Sdl 4-197 |
| c.743 | AZARIAH (Uzziah), king of Judah 767-40, plus allies, defeated at Arpad north of Halap by Assyrians. | 743 CBCOT, SOTS 298, 322 not recorded in Bible |
| c.743 | AZARIAH (Uzziah), king of Judah 767-40, makes grandson Ahaz co-king. | 743 ISBE 1-683, Jud 2-455 |
| c.743 | MENAHEM, king of Israel 752-42, gives Tiglath-Pilezer-III 1,000 talents of silver to leave Israel alone. Extracts 50 shekels from each of his nobles. | 2K 15:19 743 Tmsn 133 743/2 MNHK 128 743 or 40 ISBE 3-317 |
| c.742 | Son of Gadi, MENAHEM dies. King of Israel from 752. Son PEKAHIAH succeeds until 740. | 2K 15:22 767 trubi 762 GHH 743 Sdl 4-191 742 CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-683, 3-735, MNHK, RAI2, Sag, WPOT, bihi, biti, ds, htc 742/1 bivu 741 SOTS 197 740 lara 738 IDB 3-347, 708, RAI3, bk, frNhifiI, rcHL 737/6 Jud 11-1302, 13-215, 736 MRDK 731 btl 674 lgbt |
| c.740 | ARPAD, 25km north of Halap, main Aramean city in north Aram, under Urartian influence from ?, besieged by TIGLATH-PILESER-III from 743, taken. Inhabitants massacred. Under Assyria until ?. Made capital of an Assyrian province. Many principalities of Urartu also taken by Assyria. | 741 RAI2 740 B76 I-475, 1-821, 11-984, B76 I-475, IDB 1-193, LEWH 47, MNHK 147, Sdl 4-197 |
| c.740 | MATI-ILU king of Arpad from 754 ends. Arpad under Assyria until ?. | 740 CAH 3.1 |
| c.740 | Son of Menahem, PEKAHIAH dies. King of Israel from 742, killed in palace at Samaria by Pekah, king of Gilead from 752. PEKAH succeeds until 732. | 2K 15:25, 27 764 trubi 759 GHH 741 Sdl 4-195 740 CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, ISBE 1-683, 3-735, MNHK, Sdl 4-197, WPOT, biti, htc 740/39 bivu 739 SOTS 197 738 lara 737 IDB 3-708, rcHL 736 MRDK 735 Jud 13-214 735/4 Jud 13-215 733 hifiI 729 btl 672 lgbt |
| c.740 | Son of Amaziah, AZARIAH (Uzziah) dies. King of Judah from 767, dies of leprosy. Son JOTHAM and grandson AHAZ are co-kings to 735. | 2K 15:7, 2Ch 26:23 764 trubi 758 GHH 742 B76 17-946, IDB 2-737, 4-742, Jud 10-301, MRDK, Tmsn 141, WBH 35, rcHL 741 bk 740 BI+N 55, CAH 3.1, 3.2, CBCOT, ISBE 1-683, 2-886, 1140, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-140, SOTS 205, 298, WPOT, biti, ds, frN, hifiI 740/39 ISBE 2-886 739 B76 X-320, HCC, bihi, htc 737 lara 736 bk 734 Jud 16-43 728 btl |
| c.740 | ISAIAH ben Amoz, gets vision, volunteers to be sent to tell Judah that the land shall be desolate, and that 1/10 will return and be eaten. Isaiah active until 680. | Isa 6:1 742 B76 2-916, IDB 2-732 740 Sdl 4-197, bivu 739 CBCOT, HCC, bihi, ds, htc 733 MCAW 65 702 mxfld |
| c.740 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, invades Israel, takes Ijon, Abel-maim (same as or close to Abel-beth-maacah), Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor (i.e. the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh) and deports them all. | 2K 15:29 740 htc |
| c.740 | ASHDOD, independent from ?, surrenders to TP-III, comes under Assyria until 712. | 740 rcHL 734 Jud 3-695 |
| c.740 | Philistine cities ASKALON, EKRON, GAZA, and GATH, independent from ?, come under Assyria until 612. | 740 rcHL |
| c.739 | ITTOBALE-II ends. King of Tyre from 750, ends. HIRAM-II succeeds to 730. | 739 adeT, rcLeb, wikT 739/8 arg |
| c.738 | All Phoenician states become vassals of Assyria, but local governments are left in place. | 738 hifi |
| c.738 | HAMATH taken by Assyrian troops. Over 30,000 natives are deported to Ullaba and replaced with captives from the Zagros Mountains. | 738 wikHm |
| c.738 | ENIL becomes king of Hamath to 732. | 738 CAH 3.1 |
| c.738 | HIRAM-II king of Tyre 739-30, and REZON-II king of Damascus 750-32 pay tribute to TP-III. | 738 IDB 4-74, ISBE 4-180, LEWH 48 |
| c.738 | DAMASCUS, under Arameans 965-732, besieged by TP-III. | 738 GHH |
| c.738 | Sibittibaal king of Gebal pays tribute to TP-III. | 738 wikBbl |
| c.738 | HALAP comes under Assyria until 609. | 738 B76 1-465 |
| c.738 | Everyone from Damascus to eastern Anatolia is forced to pay tribute to TP-III. People are deported to Kir in Assyria, and to several cities of Media. | 738 B76 11-984, GHH |
| c.738 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, invades Israel, takes Ijon, Abel-Beth-Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor. | no date: 2K 15:29 |
| c.738 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, in Aram & Levant from 743, returns north. | 738 MNHK 121 |
| c.738 | JOTHAM, co-king of Judah with son AHAZ 740-35, attacks Ammon, extracts tribute. Edom pays tribute 2 more years, but remains independent. | 2Ch 27:5 742 GHH 738 CBCOT |
| c.737 | JOTHAM, co-king of Judah with son AHAZ 740-35, vexed by REZON of Damascus and PEKAH of Israel. | 2K 15:37, 16:5-6 735 CBCOT |
| c.736 | Book of Hosea ch 4-13 written. | post Assyrian invasion 739, pre-Syro-Ephraimite war 734: IDB 2-651 |
| c.736 | CALF WORSHIP at Bethel denounced by HOSEA. | whole book |
| c.736 | AFTERLIFE V according to Hosea: "I will ransom them from the power of sheol." "I will redeem them from death." (See Odyssey 750) | 13:14 |
| c.735 | PHILISTINES invade Shephelah and south Judah, take Beth-Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederah, Soco, Timnah. They occupy those areas. | 2Ch 28:18 735 WPOT 239 734 stlt |
| c.735 | Prophet MICAH begins ministry until 700. | 737 CBCOT 736 bihi, htc 735 bivu, ds 733 MCAW 65 720 ISBE 1-486 |
| c.735 | Pro-Assyrian party brings AHAZ into control of Judah while JOTHAM technically still rules. | 735 SOTS 198, 208 |
| c.735 | ELATH on Gulf of Aqabah, under Judah from ?, recovered by Edom. | 735 ISBE 2-53 734 BI+N 62 |
| c.735 | Son of Azariah, JOTHAM deposed. Co-king of Judah from 740 with son AHAZ, deposed by Ahaz (age 20). AHAZ rules alone to 732. | 2K 15:38 747 trubi 742 GHH 736 RAI3, Sag, frN, hifiI 735 CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 1-64, 2-999, ISBE 1-76, 2-1140, Jud 10-301, MNHK, MRDK, Sdl 4-149, Tmsn 141, WBH 35, bihi, biti, bivu, ds, htc, rcHL 732/1 bivu 731 biti 721 lara 709 btl |
| c.735 | REZON-II king of Damascus 750-32, and PEKAH of Israel invade Judah, besiege AHAZ king of Judah in Jerusalem. Syro-Ephraimite War begins until 732. | 2K 16:5, Isa 7:1 742 GHH 735 CBCOT, ISBE 1-854, Sdl 4-204 734 B76 2-917, IDB 1-758, ISBE 2-886 |
| c.734 | REZON-II king of Damascus 750-32, and PEKAH of Israel, with some backing from Hittites and Urartu, ally and try to rally the north Aramean states against TP-III of Assyria. Ahaz of Judah refuses to join. | 2Ch 28:16-21 750 Sag1 109 734 LEWH 47, hifiI 733 MCAW 64 |
| c.734 | PEKAH king of Israel 740-32, kills 120,000 Jews in 1 day. Takes 200,000 captives and spoils to Samaria, warned by prophet ODED for taking Hebrew slaves, lets them go. | 2Ch 28:5-9 741 GHH 735 CBCOT |
| c.734 | ISAIAH tells AHAZ not to worry about Rezon and Pekah, says Ephraim will be gone within 65 years, tells Ahaz to ask for a sign to prove it. Ahaz refuses on grounds of Dt 6:16. Isaiah offers this sign: A young woman will bear a son and call him Immanuel. Before he knows right from wrong, Rezon and Pekah will be gone. | Isa 7:1-16 735/4 Sdl 4-220 |
| c.734 | AHAZ king of Judah 735-15, ignores warning of Isaiah, appeals with bribes to TP-III for help against Rezon and Pekah. | 741 GHH 732/1 LEWH 47 732/1 MNHK |
| c.734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 invades Phoenician coast. | 734 Jud 13-215 |
| c.734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, invades Aram, defeats REZON and PEKAH, seizes Gilead and Galilee, marches down Phoenician coast, defeats Samaria, advances into Philistia, in Levant until 732. | 2K 15:29 740 GHH 734 B76 11-984, DOTT 53, IDB 2-344, 3-348, ISBE 2-416, 886, Jud 2-857, Sdl 4-223, SOTS 198, 208, WPOT 66 733 CBCOT, MCAW 64 |
| c.734 | GALILEE, under Israel from 1100, taken by TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 until ?. | 2K 15:29 734 IDB 2-344, ISBE 2-886 |
| c.734 | NAPHTALI and ZEBULUN, under Israel from ?, taken by TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27. | 2K 15:29 734 IDB 4-660 |
| c.734 | AHAZ king of Judah 735-15 asks TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 for help against Edom and Philistia. | 2Ch 28:16 |
| c.734 | Edom attacks Judah, takes captives. | 2Ch 28:17 735 CBCOT 734 Jud 4-773, Sag1 109 |
| c.734 | Philistines attack Judah, take Beth-Shemesh, Ajalon, Gederah, Soco, Timnah, Gimzo. | 2Ch 28:18 735 CBCOT 734 Jud 4-773, Sag1 109 |
| c.734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 invades Phoenician coast. | 734 Jud 13-215 |
| c.734 | MOAB conquered by TP-III. | 735 nglfr |
| c.734 | ASKALON taken by TP-III. King Mitini is replaced by an Assyrian vassal until ?. | 734 IDB 3-794, Jud 3-714 |
| c.734 | GAZA taken by TP-III. King HANNO flees south, but is soon reinstated as an Assyrian vassal to 720. | 734 IDB 3-794, ISBE 2-416, 886, DOTT 59, WPOT 66 |
| c.734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III threatens AHAZ king of Judah, extracts tribute. | 2Ch 28:20 733 CBCOT |
| c. 734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III claims to receive tribute from JEHOAHAZ of Judah, but it must have been AHAZ, also from Kushtashpi of Commagene, Urik of Que, Sibbiti-Bel of Gebal, Enil of Hamath, Panammu of Samal, Tarhulara of Gumgum, Sulumal of Mitelene, Uassurme of Tabal, Ushitti of Tuna, Urballa of Tehuna, Tuhamme of Ishtunda, Matanbel of Arvad, Sanipu of Bit-Amon, Salamanu of Moab, Mitini of Askalon, Kaushmalku of Edom, Hanno of Gaza. | 2Ch 28:21 734 WPOT 238 732 IDB 2-26 no date: DOTT 57, PANE1 193 |
| c.734 | AHAZ king of Judah 735-15, now at Damascus, asks gods of Damascus for help against Assyrians, then builds altars in Jerusalem and high places in cities of Judah to various gods. | 2Ch 28:23-25 |
| c.734 | EZION-GEBER on Gulf of Aqaba, under Judah from 760, recovered by Edom until ?. | 2K 16:6 735 IDB 2-71, WPOT 237 |
| c.733 | HAZOR destroyed by Assyrians. | 733/2 WBANE 98 732 IDB 2-540, Jud 7-1539 |
| c.733 | MEGIDDO destroyed by Assyrians. | 733 IDB 3-341 733/2 WBANE 98 |
| c.733 | Countries submitting to Assyria: Tyre, Askalon, Aribi, Gaza, Sabaeans, Ammon, Moab, Edom. | 733 WPOT 241 732 CBCOT |
| c.733 | North and east PALESTINE ravaged by Assyrians. Israel surrenders much land to Assyria. | 733 B76 11-984, WPOT 241 |
| c.733 | Assyrian army probes border of Egypt at Rapha V. | 734-32 BHoE 536, 549 |
| c.733/2 | KEDESH Galilee taken by TP-III. | 2K 15:29 733/2 Jud 10-664 |
| c.732 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 besieges Damascus. | 738 GHH 733 Jud 13-215, 732 MNHK 125 |
| c.732 | ENIL, king of Hamath from 738, ends. | 732 CAH 3.1 |
| c.732 | Son of Tab-El, REZON-II dies. King of Damascus from 750, killed by T-P-III. Aramean KINGDOM of DAMASCUS ends. Inhabitants deported to Kir in Assyria and cities in Media. SYRO-EPHRAIMITE WAR from 735 ends. |
2K 16:9 738 GHH 732 B76 2-917, 5-447, 11-984, BCoC 165, B76 I-475, CAH 3.1, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 4-74, ISBE 1-854, 4-180, MNHK 125, MRDK, RAH 95, RAI3, Sdl 4-225, SOTS 198, 298, rcS |
| c.732 | DAMASCUS under Arameans from 965, comes under Assyrians until 609. | 2K 16:9 733/2 IDB 1-758 732 B76 5-447, 11-984, HCC, IDB 4-74, ISBE 2-886, 4-447, Jud 5-1237, RAI3, SOTS 198, 298, rcS |
| c.732 | ABILA, capital of Abilene, under Damascus from ?, comes under Assyrians until 609. | 732 rcS |
| c.732 | BASHAN, under Damascus from 850, comes under Assyrians until 609. | 732 rcS |
| c.732 | Abel-Beth-Maacha taken by TP-III. | 733/2 Jud 2-61 |
| c.732 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 invades Galilee, takes much of it and turns it into Assyrian province of Magiddu (Megiddo). | 2K 15:29, 1Ch 5:26 733 Jud 13-215 732 ISBE 2-390, 4-447, Jud 7-266, 1476 |
| c.732 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 invades Ephraim, threatens Samaria. | 732 Jud 13-215 |
| c.732 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 in Levant from 734, returns north. | 732 Jud 2-857 |
| c.732 | Son of Remaliah, PEKAH dies. King of Israel from 740, killed by Hoshea ben Elah. HOSHEA succeeds with Assyrian help until 722, and pays tribute to Assyria until 726. | 2K 15:30 744 trubi 739 GHH 732 B76 V-146, CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 2-653, 3-708, ISBE 1-683, 3-735, Jud 13-214, MNHK, MRDK, RAI3, SOTS 322, Tmsn 114, WPOT, bihi, biti, bivu, frN, hifiI, htc, rcHL 732/1 ISBE 2-886 731 Sag, Sdl 4-195, SOTS 197, 199 718 lara 709 btl 644 lgbt |
| c.732 | AHAZ ben Jotham, sole ruler of Judah from 735, makes son HEZEKIAH (age 25) co-king to 715. | 732/1 MNHK 729 ISBE 2-886 728 DGRG 1-356, ISBE 1-683, Sdl 4-231 727 Jud 2-455 727/6 Jud 8-450 726 GHH 725 bk 723 MCAW 67 never happened: CBCOT, HCC |
| c.732 | AHAZ ben Jotham, co-king of Judah from 732-15, goes to Damascus to pay homage to TP-III. He decides for unstated reasons to send word to priest Uriah at Jerusalem to make a copy of a pagan altar to replace the traditional altar. When he gets back to Jerusalem he makes further Assyrian modifications. | 2K 16: 10-18 732 ISBE 1-77 |
| c.732 | JOTHAM ben Azariah, former king and co-king of Judah 740-35, dies. | 2Ch 27:9 732 ISBE 1-683, 2-1140, MNHK, SOTS 208, WPOT 732/1 ISBE 2-886 731 CBCOT, HCC |
| c.730 | HIRAM-II ends. King of Tyre from 739, ends. MATTAN-II succeeds and ends. ELULAIOS succeeds to 701. | 730 ENBD 1303, LEWH 48, adeT, wikT 730/29 arg, rcLeb 717 GHH |
| c.730 | MATTAN-II, king of Tyre pays tribute to TP-III. | 732 ISBE 4-446 |
| c.730 | ENILU king of Hamath pays tribute to Tiglath Pileser-III. | 730 ISBE 2-603 |
| c.727 | DAMASCUS, under Assyria 732-609, rebels and is suppressed. | 727 wikDms |
| c.726 | HOSHEA king of Israel 732-22, paying tribute to Assyria from 732 stops. Gives gifts to "So" of Egypt (either Osorkon-IV or a general). | 2K 17:4 726/5 ENBD 1201 725 GHH 728 MCAW 64 |
| c.726 | SHALMANEZER-V king of Assyria 727-22 invades Israel. Hoshea immediately submits and pays tribute. Shalmanezer then learns that Hoshea had paid tribute to Egypt, and therefore imprisons Hoshea. | 2K 17:3-4 728 GHH 725 BI+N 66, MCAW 64, Tmsn 134 |
| c.725 | SHECHEM is taken by Shalmanezer-V. | 725 Tmsn 134 |
| c.725 | SIDON pays tribute to Shalmanezer-V king of Assyria 727-22. | 725 IDB 4-344 |
| c.725 | SAMARIA, capital of Israel 880-722, besieged until 722 by Shalmanezer-V king of Assyria 727-22. | 2K 18:9
Hezekiah yr 4 2K 18:9 Hoshea yr 7 2K 18:9 727 Sdl 4-235 725 SOTS 199, trubi 724 B76 11-984, GHH, ISBE 2-886 |
| c.725 | YAHWEH tells ISAIAH to write concerning the son Isaiah is about to conceive: MAHER-SHALAL-HASH-BAZ (Haste the booty, haste the spoil) Yahweh says before the child is old enough to say "my father", Damascus and Samaria will be plundered by Assyria. | Isa 8 |
| c.725 | ISAIAH, message to Philistia: Don't rejoice because he [TP-III] who hurt you is broken. His descendant [Sargon-II] will destroy you. | Isa 14:28-32 715 IDB 2-732 |
| c.724 | DOR, under Israel from 922, taken by TP-III, comes under Assyria until 612. | 734 hifiDr 732 Jud 6-172 724 rcHL |
| c.724 | ELULAIOS king of Tyre 730-701 tries to invade Cyprus, which asks help from Shalmanezer-V, therefore Assyrians besiege Tyre. | 724 wikAGhC 721 GHH |
| c.724 | ELULAIOS king of Tyre 730-701, besieged until 722 by Shalmanezer-V king of Assyria 727-22. | 724 ENBD 1303 |
| c.724 | SHECHEM destroyed as a city by Shalmanezer-V. Remains a village among ruins until 475. | 724 IDB Sup-821, ISBE 4-462 |
| c.724 | EDOM, comes under Assyria until 612. | 724 hifiEd, rcHL |
| c.722 | TYRE, independent from 969, besieged by Assyrians from 724 makes treaty and falls to Sargon-II. TYRE under Assyria until 703. | 722 ENBD 1303 IDB 4-722 721 GHH |
| c.722 | ZAREPHATH placed under governance of Tyre. | 722 hifi |
| c.722 | GALILEE, under Israel from 1100, comes under Assyria until 615. | 722 rcHL |
| c.722 | BETH-SHAN in north Jordan valley, under Israel from 990, comes under Assyria until 612. | 722 rcCan |
| c.722 | Son of Elah, HOSHEA ends. King of Israel from 732, prisoner of Assyrians from 726. | 724 B76 V-146, IDB 2-653, MRDK, frN, rcHL 723 MNHK, WPOT, bk, hifiI 723/2 ISBE 2-886, bivu 722 CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 3-708, ISBE 1-683, Sag, SOTS 199, biti, ds 709 lara |
| c.721 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, marches to Levant. | 721 implied |
| c.721 | SAMARIA, capital of Israel from 880, besieged by Assyrians from 725, falls to Sargon-II. Under Assyria until 612. | Hezekiah yr 6 2K 18:10 Hoshea yr 9 2K 17:6, 18:10 724 rcHL 723/2 trubi 722 CAH 3.2, 3.3, ENBD 1303, ISBE 4-338, Sdl 4-235, SHWC 30, SOTS 155, Tmsn 115, WPOT, bk, frN, htc 722/1 Jud 14-723 721 B76 11-984, GHH 709 lara |
| Kingdom of ISRAEL ends. Began 930. |
| c.721 | TIRZAH, former capital of Israel, destroyed by Sargon-II. | 721 Jud 15-1153 |
| c.721 | SYRO-PHILISTINE COALITION defeated at Qarqar by SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05. A deportation detachment is set up in Samaria. Sargon-II then marches on Philistia. | 721 Sag1 112, DOTT 62 |
| c.721 | 12,290 Israelites deported to places north of Euphrates by SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05. They are replaced by colonists from Babylon, Cuthah, and other Mesopotamian cities. Lions move in and challenge them for territory. | 2K 17:6, 24, 18:11 722 MCAW 64, htc 721 GHH, Sag 722-20 Sdl 4-270 |
| c.721 | TOBIT, wife Anna, & son Tobiah, Naphtalites of Samaria, are deported to Nineveh. Tobit refuses pagan food, becomes a purchasing agent for king "Shalmanezer" (error). | Fiction c.7th cen. BC AΨA 183 175-164 B76 X-18 |
| c.721 | HAMATH is made an Assyrian vassal by SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05. IAUBIDI is appointed governor. | 721 Sag1 112 720 CAH 3.1 |
| c.721 | SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05, in Philistia, learns that MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA (Merodach Baladan) has taken Babylon, hurries north. | 721 Sag1 112 |
| c.721 | IAUBIDI Assyrian governor of Hamath, declares himself king, incites Arameans, Israelites, and Philistines to stop tribute to Sargon-II and rebel. | 721 DOTT 59, Sag 720 rcS |
| 720 | QATNA is destroyed by Sargon-II, reduced to a small village that will disappear in the 6th centBC. | 720 wikQt |
| c.720 | Arpad joins rebellion of Hamath against Sargon-II. | 720 Jud 3-497 |
| c.720 | IAUBIDI king of Hamath from 721, vassal of Assyria, captured by Sargon-II king of Assyria 722-05. HAMATH, Assyrian vassal kingdom from 853, becomes Assyrian province until 705. | 720 B76 I-475, 1-822, 11-984, ISBE 2-603, MOAR 5-42 719 rcS |
| c.720 | People of Hamath are deported to Israel. | 720 BI+N 66 |
| c.720 | SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05, attacks Gaza, defeats Hanno of Gaza, Sibe of Musri, tartan of Egypt at RAPHA. Burns Rapha, probes Egyptian frontier. | 721 Jud 13-1509 720 IDB 4-13, ISBE 2-416, RAH 100 no date: B76 11-984, Sag1 112 |
| c.720 | GAZA stormed by Assyrians. King HANNO, vassal of Assyria from 734, captured, taken to Assyria. | 720 IDB 3-794 no date: DOTT 61 |
| c.720 | Assyrian army probes border of Egypt at Λ Rapha again. | 720 BHoE 536, BI+N 68, DOTT 61 |
| c.716 | West SINAI subdued by Assyrians. | 716 Jud 14-881 |
| c.715 | SAMARIA: Disorderly desert tribes which had been hassling trade routes are imported to Samaria by Sargon-II. These immigrants have a problem with lions. They complain to the Assyrians that they don't know how to appease the god of the land. Therefore SARGON-II sends them one Israelite priest to live at Bethel and teach them Yawism. They continue to worship their former gods. | 2K 17:24-5 716/5 Jud 6-1034 715 BI+N 66, PANE 196 |
| c.715 | SARGON-II reports receiving gifts from a pharaoh. | 715 BHoE 550 |
| c.715 | GERASA, east of Jordan R., under Ammon from 880, comes under Assyria until 585. | 715 rcJdn |
| c.715 | AMMON, independent from 880, comes under Assyria until 612. | 740 hifiAm 715 rcLeb |
| c.715 | ISAIAH prophesies against Assyro-Babylon. Says Medes will defeat Babylon, which will become desolate. | Isa 13 & 14 maybe 2nd Isaiah and prophesied after the fact. |
| Λ AFTERLIFE: Sheol will stir up the dead to meet Assyro-Babylon at its coming. (Isa 14:9) |
| c.715 | Son of Jotham, AHAZ dies. King of Judah from 735, dies. Son HEZEKIAH succeeds to 686. | 2K 16:20, 2Ch 28:27 716 ISBE 1-78, 683, RAI3, SOTS 209, WPOT, frN, hifiI 716/15 bivu 715 B76 V-27, CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 1-64, 2-732, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag, Tmsn 141, WBH 35, bihi, biti, ds, htc, lara, rcHL 698 btl 641 lgbt |
| c.715 | HEZEKIAH, king of Judah 715-686, cleans the temple, repairs doors, reforms worship. | 2Ch 29:3 |
| c.715 | Prophet HOSEA, active from 755, ends. | 720 CBCOT 715 bivu 710 ds |
| c.715 | ISAIAH writes against various nations: Babylon, Assyria, Phillistia, Moab Egypt - any enemy of Judah. | Isa 13-23 715 B76 2-917 |
| c.715 | HEZEKIAH, king of Judah 715-686, stops tribute to Sargon-II, chases Philistines back to Gaza, rebels until 711. | 2K 18:7-8 721 GHH 715 CBCOT 714 Sdl 4-249 |
| c.714 | SAMARIAN IMMIGRANTS from Babylonia build Succoth-Benoth. Cuthites build Nergal. Hamathites build Ashima. Avvites build Nibhaz and Tartak (none significant). | 2K 17:30 |
| c.713 | AZURI king of Ashdod, weakly backed by Shilkanni of Egypt, aided by Gath, seeks to include Hezekiah, Palestine, Edom, and Moab in a coalition against Sargon-II. | 715 DOTT 58 713 WPOTT 239 712 Sag1 112, Tmsn 142 no date: PANE 197-8 |
| c.713 | ASHDOD attacked by Sargon-II. | 712 Tmsn 142 |
| c.713 | AZURI king of Ashdod, deposed by Sargon-II, who install his younger bro AHIMTI, who is then deposed by Hittites and others who install Greek mercenary IAMANI. | 713 IDB 3-794 713/2 WPOTT 66 711 Sdl 4-250 no date: PANE 197 |
| c.713 | ISAIAH says Moab will be punished within 3 years. | Isa 15 & 16 |
| 712/11 | ASHDOD, under Assyria from 740, under Greek mercenary IAMANI from 713, emboldened by Egypt, rebels against Sargon-II until 711. Judah and Moab join in. | 712 CAH 3.3, Jud 8-452, RAI2 259 711 BI+N 69, ISBE 1-314, 2-704 no date: PANE 197 |
| c.711 | EDOM joins the Ashdod, Judah, Moab coalition against Sargon-II. | 711 IDB 2-26 |
| c.711 | Tartan of Sargon-II, king of Assyria arrives to besiege Ashdod. | 711 SOTS 210 |
| c.711 | IAMANI Greek mercenary ruler of Ashdod, faced by approaching Assyrian army, flees to Egypt. | 712 IDB 3-794 no date: DOTT 61-2, PANE 197, Sdl 4-251 |
| c.711 | Λ Λ ASHDOD, GATH, ASDUDIMU (location unknown), and EKRON taken by tartan of Sargon-II. Ashdod becomes Assyrian province until 612. Gath drops out of history. Gibbethon also raided. | 713/2 Jud 14-881 712 ISBE 2-47, Jud 3-695 711 IDB 1-248, 2-356, 732, 3-417, ISBE 2-703, 886, 4-339, SOTS 301 no date: IDB 3-794, DOTT 61-2, PANE 197 |
| c.711 | EDOM, under Assyria from 724, reconquered by tartan of Sargon-II. | 711 CBCOT |
| c.711 | YAHWEH tells ISAIAH to walk naked 3 years as a sign that Egyptians and Kushites will be led away naked by Assyrians. | Isa 20:1 711 IDB 2-732 |
| c.710 | All Palestine except Judah is under control of SARGON-II, king of Assyria. | 710 IDB 3-355, ISBE 2-51, Jud 11-1390, RAI2 261 |
| c.710 | MOAB, independent from 850, comes under Assyria until 612. | 710 rcJdn |
| c.709 | North Babylonians are deported to Israel. | 709 BI+N 66 |
| c.707 | 
Tang-I Var Inscription carved into a cliff at Tang-i Var pass, in the district of Sanandaj, Kurdistan. " I [SARGON-II] plundered Ashdod. Iamani its king feared and ... He fled to Meluhha and lived stealthfuly. Shapataku, king of Meluhha heard of the might of the gods Ashur, Nabu, and Marduk, which I placed over all lands. He put Iamani in manacles ... He brought him captive to my presence." |
photo Fereidoun Biglari 707/6 wikSbtk no date: Sdl 4-251 |
| c.705 | At death of Sargon-II, the anti-Assyrian coalition in the Levant rebels against Assyria. | 705 Sdl 4-255 |
| c.705 | HAMATH, Assyrian province from 720, goes independent until 700. | 705 guess |
| c.704 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, again rebels against Assyria until 701. | 704 Sdl 4-255 |
| c.703 | ELULAIOS king of Tyre 730-701, under Assyria from 722, rebels. Independent until 701. | 703 ISBE 4-446 |
| c.702 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, gets serious illness. | 2K 20:1, 2Ch 32:24, Isa 38:1-8 714 ISBE 2-886 702 SOTS 322 701 ISBE 2-704 |
| c.702 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, seriously ill. Isaiah tells him to prepare to die. Hezekiah asks for more time, says his heart has been perfect. | 2K 20:1, 2Ch 32:24, Isa 38:1-8 702 SOTS 322 701 ISBE 2-704 |
| c.702 | ISAIAH gets word from Yahweh, returns to Hezekiah, says he will recover in 3 days and live 15 years. Hezekiah asks for a sign. Isaiah says the sun will go back 10 degrees. Of course it happens. | 2K 20:5-11 |
| c.702 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, receives embassy from MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, king of Babylon asking for assistance against Assyrians. Hezekiah shows the embassy his royal treasures. Isaiah prophesies that all of his treasure and his sons will be taken to Babylon. | 2K 20:12 712 ISBE 2-886 710 GHH 703 ISBE 1-385 701 Jud 11-1390 |
| c.701 | LEVANT: Hezekiah, Edom, and others, backed by Egypt, rebel against Sennacherib. PADI, Philistine king of Ekron, refuses to join rebels, overthrown and arrested by Ekronites and delivered to Hezekiah. | 701 IDB 2-26, Jud 2-857, 8-452, Sag1 119, WPOT 163, bk, hifiI no date: DOTT 66, PANE 1-199 |
| c.701 | ELULAIOS ends. Anti-Assyrian king of Tyre & Sidon from 730, flees to Cyprus. Sennacherib appoints ETHBAAL-III king of Tyre & Sidon until 694. TYRE, independent from 703, back under Assyria until 694. | 701 B76 11-985, ENBD 1303, IDB 4-344, ISBE 4-501, Jud 14-1506, LEWH 48, MWΦ 20, PANE1 199, RAI3 320, hifi |
| c.701 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, invades Levant until 700. | 2Ch 32:1 701 B76 11-985, DOTT 64, HCC, IDB 2-599, 3-794, ISBE 2-886, 4-501, Jud 13-403, 14-1161, MCAW 66, Sag1 119, Tmsn 143, htc Hezekiah yr 14 2K 18:13 |
| It is disputed whether Sennacherib invaded only in 701, or also in 688/7. | ISBE 4-396 |
| c.701 | Achzib, Canaanite harbor north of Acco, taken by Sennacherib. | 701 Jud 2-213 |
| c.701 | EKRON taken by Sennacherib. | 701 Jud 6-559 |
| c.701 | SIDQA king of Askalon from ?, fails to submit to Sennacherib quickly enough, deported to Assyria with his whole family. Sennacherib appoints SHARULUDARI (son of former king) king of Askalon until ?. | 701 IDB 3-794, DOTT 66, PANE1 199, RAI3 320, SOTS 213, WPOT 163 |
| c.701 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, rejects advice of Isaiah, seeks help from Egypt. | Isa 30:1-5 701 Sag1 119 |
| c.701 | An army sent from Egypt to rescue Ekron is defeated by Assyrians. | 701 DHJ 265, RAI3 320 |
| c.701 | SENNACHERIB, claims victory over TAHARKA of Egypt and Nubia, at Eltekeh, but fails to follow up. Captures Eltekeh and Timnah (location disputed), assaults Ekron, kills rebel leaders of Ekron, besieges Lachish. | 701 B76 11-985, DHJ 265, DOTT 65, IDB 2-95, 4-649, Jud 6-483, Shaw 348, 352 700 IDB 2-54 |
| c.701 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, now without allies, fears invasion by Sennacherib, releases Padi, king of Ekron to Sennacherib, plugs up wells outside of Jerusalem, repairs walls, prepares for war. | 2Ch 32 701 DOTT 66, PANE1 200 |
| c.701 | SENNACHERIB, invades Judah, captures and loots 46 walled cities of Judah, destroys villages, besieges Hezekiah in Jerusalem, returns to siege at Lachish. | 2K 18:13, 2Ch 32:1
713 GHH 701 B76 V-27, 17-946, CBCOT, ISBE 2-886, Jud 9-1383, MNHK 64, SOTS 210, WBH 20 no date: DOTT 67, PANE1 200 |
| c.701 | AIARAMMU, king of Edom, submits to Sennacherib. | 701 Jud 6-376 |
| c. 701 c. 701 |
SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, claims voluntary submission of: Sidon, mainland Tyre, Bit-Ziti, Zarbitu, Mahalliba, Achzib, Acco, Menahem of Samsimuruna, Abdiliti of Arvad, Urmilki of Gebal, Mitinti of Ashdod, Buduli of Beth-Amon (location unknown), Kammusunadbi of Moab, Aiarammu of Edom. Philistine cities slow in submitting are besieged, conquered, and looted: Joppa, Asor & Bene-Berak (both southeast of it), Beth-Dagon (location unknown).
TAYLOR PRISM: "As to Hezekiah, the Jew, he did not submit to my yoke. I laid siege to 46 of his strong cities, walled forts and to the countless small villages in their vicinity, and conquered [them) by means of well-stamped [earth-]ramps, and battering-rams brought [thus] near [to the walls] [combined with] the attack by foot soldiers, [using] mines, breeches as well as sapper work. I drove out [of them] 200,150 people, young and old, male and female, horses, mules, donkeys, camels, big and small cattle beyond counting, and considered [them] booty. Himself I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage." |
photo: David Castor 701 DOTT 66, IDB 3-794, Jud 12-196, PANE1 199 |
| c.701 | SIDON, under king Luli of Tyre from ?, taken by Sennacherib, under Assyria until 694. | 701 Jud 14-1506 700 ISBE 3-859 |
| c.701 | SILLIBEL, pro-Assyrian king of Gaza, and other Philistine rulers, are given much land of Judah by SENNACHERIB,. | 701 IDB 2-357 |
| c.701 | JOPPA, under Askalon from 800, comes under Assyria until 609. | 701 rcHL |
| c.701 | HEZEKIAH besieged in Jerusalem, sends envoy to Sennacherib at Lachish, asks for peace terms. Sennacherib demands 300 talents of silver + 30 talents of gold. Hezekiah strips the temple and complies. Judah is under Assyria until 625. | 2K 18:14 701 DHJ 266, DOTT 64, PANE1 200 |
| c.700 | HAMATH, independent from 705, taken by Sennacherib, under Assyria until 612. | 2K 18:34, 19:13, 1Chr 36:19, 37:13 700 ISBE 2-603 |
| c.700 | SENNACHERIB besieging Lachish, sends a rabshakeh, a tartan, and a rabsaris (Who knows?) with an army to Jerusalem. Rabshakeh rebukes Hezekiah for alliance with Egypt, demands submission and tribute, promises deportation to a good land. | 2K 18:17-19, 2Ch 32:9-10, Isa 36 700 MCAW 68 |
| c.700 | Eliakim and Shebna ask the rabshakeh to stop speaking Hebrew and use Aramaic so the general populace won't understand them. Request denied. (see 444) | 2K 18:26, Isa 36:11 701 BBP 40 |
| c.700 | Λ ARAMAIC V LANGUAGE spreads in all directions, loses its homogeneity. Different dialects emerge in Assyria, Babylonia, Levant, and Egypt. Used diplomatically in Palestine, evidenced by 2K 18:26-f. Common language of Mid East until 700CE. (See Assyria 745) | 700 WPOT 148, mom, wikAL |
| c.700 | HEZEKIAH sends envoys to Isaiah to ask advice. Isaiah says not to fear the Assyrians. Assyrians have blasphemed, and will be hit by plague. Sennacherib will hear a rumor and return to Assyria and be killed. | 2K 19:1-7, 20-34, Isa 37 |
| c.700 | SENNACHERIB besieging Lachish, learns of rebellion of MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II in Babylonia, abandons siege, returns to Assyria. | 2K 19:35-6 711 GHH 700 RAI2 266 |
| Or maybe he was distressed by the plague that killed 185,000 Assyrian troops in 1 night. (2K 19:35, Isa 37:36) Or maybe mice ate their bowstrings. (Herodotus 2:141) |
| c.700 | Rabshakeh, returns from Jerusalem to Lachish, finds that Sennacherib has gone to nearby Libnah, hears that Taharka of Egypt is coming against the Assyrians, sends a messenger back to Jerusalem to tell Hezekiah not to get his hopes up. | 2K 19:8-10 |
| c.700 | NERIAH ben Jotham becomes High Priest of Jerusalem to 675. | 700 af |
| c.700 | LACHISH, under Jews from 920, besieged by Assyrians from 701, falls. Destroyed, but soon rebuilt. Destroyed again 597. | 701 ISBE 3-58, bslb |
| c.700 | ACCO, under Tyre from 950, comes under Assyria until 612. | 701 Jud 2-222 700 rcHL |
| c.700 | Prophet MICAH, operating from 735, ends. | 710 ds 708 ISBE 1-486 700 bivu 690 CBCOT |
| c.700 | PROVERBS ch 25-29 "Proverbs of Solomon" assembled by scribes of Hezekiah. | 700 B76 2-925 |
| c.700 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, having withstood siege, begins building a water TUNNEL to Pool of Siloam. | 2K 20:20 700 MCAW 69, TTT |
| c.700 |  Lachish Relief : A part of the Sennacherib relief, carved 700-681, as a decoration of the South-West Palace of Sennacherib in Nineveh. It depicts captives from Judah being led into captivity after the Siege of Lachish in 701, inscribed with Assyrian cuneiform. "Sennacherib, the mighty king, king of the country of Assyria, sitting on the throne of judgment, before the city of Lakhisha. I give permission for its slaughter." |
photo oncenawhile 700 wikLABA |
| c.700 |  Azekah Inscription : Inscribed with Akkadian cuneiform, describes a campaign by Sennacherib against Hezekiah, King of Judah, including the conquest of Azekah in Judah. Found in Library of Ashurbanipal. |
photo {{PD-US}} 700 wikLABA no date: wikLAzI |
| c.696 | HEZEKIAH king of Judah 715-686, makes 2 year old son MANASSEH co-king. | 698 Jud 11-852 697 ISBE 1-683, ds, lara 696 ISBE 3-234, MNHK, SOTS 215 695 CBCOT, HCC |
| c.694 | ETHBAAL-III ends. King of Tyre & Sidon from 730. ABD-MELQART succeeds to 678. | 694 adeT, rcLeb, wikT, arg |
| c.694 | TYRE & SIDON, under Assyria from 701, independent until 678. | guess |
| c.691 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, invades north Arabia until 689. | 691 ISBE 2-887 |
| c.690 | AMMON suppressed by SENNACHERIB. | 690 CBCOT |
| c.690 | MOAB suppressed by SENNACHERIB. | 690 CBCOT |
| c.690 c.690 |
Siloam Inscription written in Hebrew language in Paleo-Hebrew alphabet on wall on east end of Hezekiah's tunnel contains 6 extant lines"... the tunnel ... and this is the story of the tunnel while ... the axes were against each other and while three cubits were left to cut? ... the voice of a man ... called to his counterpart, (for) there was ZADA[?] in the rock, on the right ... and on the day of the tunnel (being finished) the stonecutters struck each man towards his counterpart, ax against ax and flowed water from the source to the pool for 1200 cubits. and 100? cubits was the height over the head of the stonecutters ..." |
photo deror_avi 701 wikLABA 700 BBP 28 no date: wikSI |
| c.688 | SENNACHERIB makes 2nd threat to Hezekiah. | 688 SOTS 322 |
| c.686 | Son of Ahaz, HEZEKIAH dies. King of Judah from 715. Son (age 12) MANASSEH sole rule to 642. | 2K 20:21, 2Ch 32:33 700 DGRG 1-356, trubi 699 ISBE 2-886, 697 GHH, bk 694 MCAW 71 692 IDB 1-502 690 DHJ 273 687 CAH 3.2, IDB 2-598, 3-254, ISBE 1-683, LEWH 45, MRDK, RAI3, Tmsn 146, WBH 20, WPOT, frN, hifiI, rcHL 687/6 ISBE 2-886, bivu 686 B76 V-27, HCC, IDB 2-600, MNHK, RAI2, Sag, Tmsn 142, bihi, biti, ds, htc, lara 679 btl 612 lgbt |
| c.680 | Prophet ISAIAH dies. Active from 740, possibly martyred by Manasseh. He is author of chapters 1 thru 39 of his book. (See 2nd Isaiah 540) | 701 TToH 696 GHH 690 ISBE 1-486 687 B76 2-916 685 CBCOT 680 SOTS 322, ds |
| c.678 | TYRE & SIDON, independent from 694, under king ABD-MELQART from 694, taken by Esarhaddon, who installs BAAL-I until 660. Sidon under Assyria until 677. Tyre under Assyria until 675. | 680 adeT, arg, rcLeb, wikT 678 SOTS 216 677 ENBD 1303, LEWH 48, MWΦ 21, RAI3 326, Sdl 4-295 |
| c.678 | ARZANI a city on the brook between Egypt and Sinai, taken by Assyrians. | 679 RAI2 271, RAI3 327 |
| c.678 | ESARHADDON installs a garrison at the border of Egypt. | 679 B76 11-986 |
| c.678 | MANASSEH king of Judah 686-42, vassal of Assyria, listed among 22 kings required to visit Esarhaddon in Nineveh. | 678 RAI2 271 |
| c.677 | SIDON, under Assyria 694-77 leads a rebellion against Esarhaddon. | 677 BI+N 75, IDB 3-803, ISBE 3-859, 4-501, Jud 14-1506, bk |
| c.677 | ABD-MELQART, former king of Tyre & Sidon, beheaded by Esarhaddon. | 679 Sag1 125 677 ENBD 1303, RAI2 270, RAI3 326 676 MWΦ 21 |
| c.677 | SIDON, under Assyria from 694, destroyed by Esarhaddon, independent until 609. | 677 IDB 4-344, 722, bk |
| c.676 | MARUBBU & SARPENTA, cities formerly under Sidon, given to BAAL-I king of Tyre & Sidon by Esarhaddon. | 676 MWΦ 21 |
| c.676 | Buduilu king of Ammon, "the kings of Hatti, the seashore, and the islands" are forced to supply cedar and pine for Esarhaddon's palace at Nineveh. | 676 Jud 2-857 |
| c.675 | SAMARIA settled with foreigners by Esarhaddon, some from Hamath. | 675 ISBE 2-603 |
| c.675 | Treaty ESARHADDON and BAAL-I king of Tyre. | 675 IDB 1-333 |
| c.675 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, invades Egypt, but is halted by a sandstorm, returns north. | 675 B76 III-954 674 B76 11-986, BhoE 555 |
| c.675 | BAAL-I, king of TYRE, vassal of Assyria from 678, again led into anti-Assyrian intrigue by Taharka, pharaoh 690-64. TYRE independent until 664. | 675 Sag1 127, Sag2 119 673 BI+N 75 671 MWΦ 21, ISBE 3-859 665 RAI2 275 |
| c.675 | NERIAH ben Jotham, High Priest of Jerusalem from 700, ends. Son HOSHIAH succeeds to 650. | 675 af |
| c.673 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, plans to invade Egypt, enters Levant, gets as far as Askalon, defeated by Kushite Pharaoh Taharqa, returns to Nineveh. | 673 wikEs |
| c.671 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, again invades Aram, sets up siege at Tyre, proceeds south. | 673 MCAW 68 671 B76 11-986, ISBE 4-934, RAI3 328, Sag1 127 670 BHoE 555 |
| c.671 | APHEK, Samaria conquered by Esarhaddon enroute to Egypt. | 671 Jud 3-176 |
| c.671 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69 invades Egypt until 670. | 675 ISBE 3-316, MCAW 68 674 BHOE 555 671 B76 III-954, VII-237, 6-479, 11-986, GHAE 350, IDB 2-54, 3-530, ISBE 2-45, MCAW 68, RAI3 328, Sag1 127, Sag2 119, Sdl 4-296, WPOT 95, resh 670 BHoE 20, DMoN 185 |
| c.670 | ESARHADDON, in Egypt from 671, has some kind of problem in Assyria that causes him to return thru Levant to Assyria. | guess |
| c.668 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, (and now in Assyria) makes treaty with TYRE. Treaty contains first Assyrian mention of Tyrian god BAAL MELQART. | 668 MCAW 68, DBANE 239 |
| c.667 | BODEL, king of Ammon from ?, dies. Son AMNIADAB succeeds until ?. | 667 IDB 1-112 |
| c.664 | TYRE, independent from 675, besieged by Assyrians from 671, falls to Assyrian army. Remains under Assyrians to 630. | 664 ENBD 1303 |
| c.662 | BAAL-I king of Tyre 678-60, subdued by Assyria. | 663 ISBE 4-934 662 RAI3 331 |
| c.660 | BAAL-I ends. King of Tyre from 678, ends. ESHBAAL-III succeeds 599-74. | 701 ENBD 1303
669 arg 660 adeT, rcLeb, wikT |
| c.656 | Phoenicians, Philistines, and Judah, make secret alliance with SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN, king of Babylon 668-48 against Assyria. | 656 B76 11-987 |
| c.655 | PSAMTIK-I king of 26th Saite dyn 664-10, pursues Assyrians north to ASHDOD, besieges Ashdod until 630. | 655 B76 6-480, RAI3 332, Shaw 372 |
| c.650 | MOAB & EDOM, under Assyria from ?, rebel. Maybe Judah also rebels. | 650 SOTS 216 |
| c.650 | MOAB conquered by invading Arabs. | 650 nglfr |
| c.650 | MANASSEH king of Judah 686-42 captured by Assyrians, taken to "Babylon", prays, gets released. | 2Ch 32:11-13 677 GHH 664 htc 650 CBCOT |
| c.650 | Prophet NAHUM begins ministry until 630. | 660 ISBE 1-486 650 CBCOT, ds 620 bk |
| c.650 | HOSHIAH ben Neriah, High Priest of Jerusalem from 675, ends. Son SHALLUM succeeds to 625. | 650 af |
| c.650 | MANASSEH king of Judah 686-42 has a Yahwist conversion, builds an outer wall for Jerusalem, purges most idolatry from Judah. | 2Ch 32:13-16 |
| c.650 |  Ekron Inscription : Inscribed on limestone with Phoenician alphabet, first known inscription from the area ascribed to Philistines. King Padi is mentioned in connection to events of 701 and 699, King Ikausu in relation to 673 and 667. |
photo Matanya 700-650 wikERDI 650 wikLABA |
| c.648 | Prophet NAHUM predicts fall of Nineveh. | 648 htc |
| c.642 | Son of Hezekiah, MANASSEH dies. King of Judah from 686. Son (age 22) AMON succeeds to 640. | 2K 21:18 643 GHH, Jud 11-852, Sdl 4-331 643/2 bivu 642 CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 1-114, 3-254, ISBE 3-234, Jud 2-862, LEWH 45, MNHK, MRDK, RAI3, Sdl 4-303, SOTS 216, Tmsn 146, WBH 36, WPOT, bihi, biti, bk, ds, frN, hifiI, htc, lara, rcHL 642/1 ISBE 2-886 641 BI+N 77 640 RAI2, Sag 639 IDB 1-502 637 btl 558 lgbt |
| c.640 | PSAMTIK-I king of 26th Saite dyn 664-10, invades Philistia. | 640 BHoE 580 |
| c.640 | Son of Manasseh, AMON dies. King of Judah from 642, killed by servants. Son (age 8) JOSIAH succeeds to 609, under regency of high priest until ?. | 643 trubi 641 GHH 641/40 bivu 640 B76 V-614, CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 1-114, 2-996, ISBE 2-1138, Jud 2-862, 10-288, LEWH 45, MNHK, MRDK, RAI3, Sdl 4-332, SOTS 219, Tmsn 148, WBH 20, WPOT, bihi, biti, ds, frN, hifiI, htc, lara, rcHL 639 BI+N 77, ENBD 664, RAI2 638 IDB 1-502, RAI2, Sag 637 MCAW 72 555 lgbt |
| c.640 | When Josiah comes to the throne, there are manuscripts in circulation containing prophesy which are believed to contain Yahweh's inspired words. | 638 IDB 1-502 |
| c.635 | Prophet ZEPHANIAH begins ministry until 625. | 640 CBCOT, WBH 20 635 ds 634 htc 630 bk |
| c.632 | JOSIAH king of Judah 640-09, age 16, either begins seeking Yahweh, or becomes a tool of the priesthood. | yr 8 2Ch 34:3 632 ISBE 2-1138, Jud 10-290, SOTS 322 |
| c.630 | Prophet NAHUM, active from 650, ends. | 630 ds 628 ISBE 3-478 |
| c.630 | TYRE, under Assyrians from 664, regains independence, mainland until 573, island until 332, increases sea trade. | 630 ENBD 1303 |
| c.630 | ASHDOD besieged by PSAMTIK-I from 655, unsieged. | 630 Shaw 372 |
| c.628 | Regions SAMARIA and GILEAD, an Assyrian province from 721, is taken over by Josiah, while Assyria is occupied with internal troubles. | 628 WPOT 166 |
| c.628 | JOSIAH king of Judah 640-09, begins purging Judah of idolatry and high places. | 628 ISBE 2-1138, IDB 2-997, Jud 10-290, SOTS 220, ds yr 12 2Ch 34:3 |
| c.627 | Prophet JEREMIAH begins in Judah until 585, then Egypt until 570. | Josiah yr 13 Jer 1:2 627 HCC, Jud 9-1346, Sdl 4-343, SOTS 223, 322, bk, ds, htc 627/6 B76 10-134, ISBE 2-985 626 B76 2-917, BI+N 76, DHJ 278, IDB 2-825, ISBE 1-486, MCAW 73, hifiI |
| c.625 | SCYTHIANS under Partatua & Madyes in Persia, invade and devastate Aram and Palestine, bypass Judah, capture Askalon from Philistines. | 630-25 Sdl 4-321 626 B76 11-988, MCAW 72 625 B76 16-438 |
| c.625 | Prophet ZEPHANIAH, active from 635, ends. | 625 ds |
| c.625 | SHALLUM ben Hoshiah, High Priest of Jerusalem from 650, ends. Son HILKIAH succeeds to 600. | 625 af |
| c.622 | JOSIAH king of Judah 640-09, sends Shaphan the scribe to High Priest Hilkiah to count donation money taken at the temple gate and use it to to hire workers to repair the temple. | yr 18 2K 22:3 621 DHJ 280 |
| c.622 | Λ Book of the Law (most of DeuteronomyV) found in the collection box in the temple by High Priest Hilkiah. It must have been compiled by Israelite scribes a year or so previously. Hilkiah gives it to Shaphan, who takes it to Josiah. | yr 18 2K 22:3-20, 2Ch 34:14, wikBD 631 WBH 20 622 B76 2-882, HCC, IDB 2-997, Jud 5-1577, 10-290, SOTS 220 621 CMoG3 97, E2LM 45, ENBD 664, IDB 1-498, 502, TTPC 620 bk |
| c.622 | JOSIAH king of Judah 640-09, reads Book of the Law , believes that all Israel's woes are due to failure to obey Law of Moses, tells priests to ask Yahweh what he should do. Priests ask prophetess Huldah for advice. Huldah chastises Israel and praises Josiah, but offers no recorded advice. | yr 18 2K 22:3-20 622 B76 2-882, Sdl 4-334 621 B76 2-904, IDB 1-502 |
| c.622 | Book of the Law is regarded as the Word of Yahweh. This is a first. After this, all future history of Isreal is written in the spirit and style of Deuteronomy . | 2K 22:19 622 Jud 10-290 621 IDB 1-502, 504 |
| c. 622 | JOSIANIC REFORMATION: Josiah gathers elders to temple, reads them the law for the FIRST TIME, vows to keep the law. Elders do same. Bible CANONIZATION begins. Josiah orders all vessels dedicated to idols to be removed from temple and destroyed, then purges all Judah of all idolatry, high places, mediums, etc., holds the biggest passover since Samuel. | 2K 23:1-24 622 ISBE 2-1138, Jud 10-290 621 B76 10-134, BI+N 77, BNTH 136, IDB 1-502-3, ISBE 1-486 |
| c.621 | The word "TORAH" at this time refers to only the Sermon of Moses in Deuteronomy . The definition will be gradually expanded. | 621IDB 1-506 |
| c.621 | No book was ever regarded as God's Word before 621. | 621 IDB 1-498 |
| c.621 | Λ Deuteronomic "D" V version of Pentateuch begins in Judah. | 621 ISBE 1-487 |
| c.620 | SCYTHIANS under Partatua & Madyes, move toward Egypt, bought off by Psamitk-I. | 620 B76 6-480 no date: B76 16-438 |
| c.619 | Prophet HABAKKUK begins until 605. | 620 ds 619 bihi, htc 609 CBCOT 600 bk |
| c.616 | PSAMTIK-I, king of 26th Saite dyn 664-10, helps Assyrians against Nabopolassar and Scythians. | 616 GHAE 359, Jud 10-292 |
| c.615 | GALILEE, under Assyria from 722, comes under Judah until 609. | 615 rcHL |
| c.612 | Prophet NAHUM rejoices at fall of Nineveh. | 612 Jud 12-794, MCAW 75, WBH 20 |
Levant 612-501
V