c.1 | Son of Mirvan-II, ARTAXIAS-II ends. Last Artaxiad king of Iberia and part of Colchis from 20 BC. PHARSAMANES-I succeeds until 58. Pharnabazid Dynasty resumes until 189. | 1 hifiEU, hifiGeo, wikΦ1 |
c.11 | BOSPORAN Kingdom, under Rome 14BC-62/3CE, taken over by ASPURGUS, Sarmatian widower of Dynamis, until 37, but not king until 14/15. | 10 MRDK 272 10/11 CAH 10-269, OCD 176 11 MCAW |
c.14 | ASPURGUS, Samaritan widower of Dynamis, client king of Bosporus, receives citizenship and title, "Friend of Rome" by Tiberius. He remains a loyal vassal until death 37/8. | 14 MCAW 14/5 CAH 10-269, OCD 176 |
19? | Widow of Polemo, PYTHODORIS of Pontus, ruler of Pontus and Colchis from 8BC, dies. | 7/8 CAH 10-649 19 frH, rcT 28 wikP1Pn 38 wikBθP |
c.30 | PHARNABAZUS-II Bartom, ruler of Iberia from 63 BC, ends. | 30 hifiGeo |
c.35 | PHARSAMANES-I, king of Iberia and part of Colchis 1-58, uses Rome / Parthia conflict to possess Armenia, placing his bro Mitridates on Armenian throne. | 35 hifiGeo |
c.37/8 | Samaritan widower of Dynamis, client king of Bosporus from 14, Ti. Julius ASPURGUS dies leaving wid Gepaepyris and sons. Minor son of Dynamis, MITHRIDATES succeeds until 39. | 37 MRDK 272 37/8 OCD 176 38 wikBsp, wikCRE, wikKCB |
38 | Grandson of Pythodoris, son of Antonia Tryphaena, POLEMO-II, is made king of Bosporus and Pontus until 41 by Caligula | 38 CAH 10-751 |
38 | BOSPORUS, formally granted by Caligula to Polemo-II until 41, but held by Gepaepyris and her minor stepson MITHRIDATES, son of Dynamis, until 45. | 38 DGRG 1-422, OCD 176, wikCRE 39 DGRBM 3-434 |
39 | MITHRIDATES, de-facto ruler of Bosporus 38-45, while its technically under Polemo-II, comes of age. | 39 MRDK 272 |
41 | BOSPORUS, officially under Polemo-II from 38, given by Claudius to the man who has been the defacto ruler anyway, MITHRIDATES until 44/5. POLEMO-II is compensated with Olba, Cennatis, and Lalassis, all in Cilicia. | 41 DGRBM 2-1094 3-434 42 DGRG 1-422 |
44 | MITHRIDATES, client king of Bosporus 38-45, makes ½ bro COTYS co-king. | 46 MRDK |
44 | MITHRIDATES, client king of Bosporus 41-45, begins minor defiance of Roman authority, sends ½ bro Cotys to Rome to obfuscate Claudius. | 44 CAH 10-753 |
44/5 | MITHRIDATES, client king of Bosporus from 41, defeated and captured by A. Didius Gallus, governor of Moesia, who replaces him with ½ bro COTYS until 69. | 44/5 CAH 10, OCD 176 46 OCD 457, wikCRE, wikKCB 49 DGRG 1-422, MRDK 272 |
50 | Julius AQUILA and a few cohorts, are sent to protect Cotys, king of Bosporus. | 50 DGRBM 1-252 |
50 | A. Didius GALLUS commands an army, in Bosporus. | 50 DGRBM 2-227 |
c.58 | PHARSAMANES-I, king of Iberia and part of Colchis from 1 CE, ends. MIHDRAT-I succeeds until 106. | 58 hifiEU, hifiGeo, wikGRE, wikHG |
63 | COTYS, king of Bosporus from 45, deposed by Nero. | 62 wikBsp 63 wikCRE, wikKCB |
63 | BOSPORUS, client kingdom from 14BC, under Cotys from 45, annexed to province of Moesia Inferior until 68/9 by Nero. | 62/3 OCD 176 63 wikBsp, wikCRE, wikGRE, wikKCB |
c.63 | COLCHIS, mostly under Pontus from 8BC, comes under Roman province of Galatia until 4th century. | 63 hifiGeo, wikCl |
63 | CHARAX fortress built in Crimea by Romans. | 60-65 wikCRE |
c.64 | Roman garrisons are installed in the Crimean Peninsula (then called Taurica). Charax becomes one of their strongholds. | 62-66 wikCRE |
68/9 | BOSPORUS, annexed to Roman province of Moesia Inferior from 63, becomes client kingdom until ?, given to son of Cotys, RHESCUPORIS until 90. | 68 wikBsp, wikCRE 68/9 OCD 176 |
69 | COTYS dies. Former client king of Bosporus 44/5-63. | 69 MRDK 272 83 DGRG 1-422 |
69 | People of Pontus and Colchis under Anicetus stage a major uprising against Rome, which ends unsuccessfully. | 69 wikCl, wikGRE |
75 | MTSKHETA Iberia is fortified by Vespasian for Iberian kings, and renamed ARMAZI. | 75 wikGRE, wikHG |
90 | Son of Cotys, RHESCUPORIS, client king of Bosporus from 68/9, ends. SAUROMATES-I succeeds until 124. | 90 OCD 176, wikCRE, wikKCB 92 MRDK |
99 | CLEMENT of Rome, exiled in Chersonnesos in southwest Crimea from ?, dies. | 99 wikCRE |