Syria-Armenia Go to Anatolia Go to Asia Go to Persia Go to Mesopotamia Go to Arabia Go to Levant Go to Mediterranean
c.300 Syrian CALENDAR month names are revised to Macedonian standard by Seleucus-I Nicator. reign of S-I: FHBC 53
c.300 CASSANDER, LYSIMACHUS, & SELEUCUS make treaty confirmed by marriages.  Ptolemy's dau Arsinoe-II marries Lysimachus (who must divorce Amastris, wife from 301).  Lysandra marries Lysimachus' son AgathoclesSeleucus marries Stratonice, age 16, dau of Demetrius-I. 300 CDCC 86, DGRBM 1-366, lvD, lvPt1, wikStr
299 lvA     299/8 B76 15-181, OCD 124
c.300 SELEUCUS, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, solicits STRATONICE-I dau of Demetrius-I in marriage. 300 DGRBM 3-925
c.300 ANTIGONEIA on the Orontes from 307, refounded by Seleucus-I, and named after his father Antiochus, as ANTIOCH, royal capital.  It is a planned city in Corinthian styleUnder Seleucids until 246. 301 Dur 2-555     300 BBA 224, CAH 7.1, CDCC 53, IDB 1-145, MCAW 181, OCD 71, anan, atl4, hwD, rcT     300/299 CAH 7.1
c.300 Temple at Daphne near Antioch is also founded by Seleucus-I. 300 atl4
c.300 SELEUCIA PIERIA on Mediterranean coast north of the Orontes, founded by Seleucus-I Nicator, under Seleucids until 246. 300 BAA 235, wikSP
c.300 Seleucid capital:  SELEUCIA on the Tigris from 311, moved to SELEUCIA-PIERIA until 246. 301 CAH 7.1-179
c.300 ZEUGMA refounded as SELEUCIA on the Euphrates (across the Euphrates from Apamea), under Seleucids until 64. 300 wikZC
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are 4 SELEUCIAs:  Trachea in Cilicia, Pieria on the Orontes, on the Euphrates, and on the Tigris.
c.300 APAMEA (previously Pharmake) on the Orontes founded, enlarged and fortified by Seleucus-I, named for his dau (or Bactrian wife). 300 atl4, wikAS
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are several APAMEAs:  in Phrygia:  in Lydia:  on the Euphrates:  on the OrontesApamea Myriea in Bithynia.
c.300 DURA-EUROPOS founded on mid Euphrates as a Seleucid military colony. 303 wikDE
300 OCD 422, wikDE
c.300 LAODICEA (Latakia) founded on coast by Seleucus-I. 300 atl4
c.300 GLASS BLOWING invented in Syria.   (XX 100 Levant) 300 avw
c.300 COTTON (See India), already reported by HerodotusMegasthenes reports to Seleucus-I "there being trees on which wool grows in Indica". no date: wikCot
c.299 SELEUCUS-I, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, at Rhosus on Mediterranean coast of Syria, allies with DEMETRIUS-I, marries his dau by Phila-II, STRATONICE-I, age @17, until 292. 300 DGRBM 3-925, wikSS 299 lvPt1, lvS1
298 B76 16-503, CDCC 804
no date: B76 8-378
c.299 SELEUCUS-I, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, raids Samaria, under Ptolemies 301-198. 299 lvPt1
c.299 PHARNAVAZ-I becomes 1st king of Colchis/Iberia until 237. 302 CEKI 8, wikCl 299 hifiGeo
c.297 SELEUCUS-I, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, offers to buy Tyre and Sidon from Demetrius-I, refused.  Now they don't like each other. 297
TAG 12
c.294 ANTIOCHUS, 1st son of Seleucus cured of illness by ERASISTRATOS of Cos?, Ceos?, or Chios?, who becomes famous for discovering that the kid is lovesick for his mother-in-law Stratonice-ISeleucus gives her to him. 294 DGRBM 2-42, wikEr 292 ISBE 1-144
c.294 ANTIOCHUS, 1st son of Seleucus, marries mother-in-law Stratonice-I. 294 wikA1, wikSS
c. 292 SELEUCUS, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, makes son ANTIOCHUS-I co-king and gives him the eastern empire from the Euphrates to the Indian Ocean plus his own wife Stratonice-I, on whom Antiochus had developed a crush.  Seleucus takes evetything west of the Euphrates. 294 CAH 7.1, wikSS
294/3 lvA1     293 BHS 1-74, DGRBM 3-772, MCAW
293/2 CDCC 804, OCD 71 292 B76 I-423, lvS1
c.290 SAMUS becomes king of Commagene until 260. 290 wikRCmg
c.288 COALITION against DEMETRIUS-I Poliorcetes formed by PYRRHUS, LYSIMACHUS, SELEUCUS-I, and PTOLEMY-ILysimachus is to invade Macedonia from the east and Pyrrhus from the west, while Ptolemy is to sail his fleet to Athens and try to raise GreeceSeleucus apparently has no part in the plan. 289/8 TAG 92 288 DGRBM 3-772, atl3 287 DGRBM 3-584
c.286 SOSIGENES is among the few still loyal to Demetrius-I Poliorcetes.  He gives Demetrius-I 400 gold pieces, with which he tries to reach the coast. 286 DGRBM 3-882
c.285 DEMETRIUS-I POLIORCETES, former king of Macedonia 294-88, deserted by troops, captured in Cilicia by Seleucus-I Nicator king of Syria/Babylonia.  Detained in Apamea.  Treated well until death 283. 286 CAH 7.1-108, MCAW 285 B76 1-991, 8-378, 16-503, LEWH 90, OHG, TTPC, anan, hifi, wikWD
Macedonia Thrace
c.281 SELEUCUS, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, invades Anatolia. 282 B76 8-378 281 LEWH 93
c.281 SELEUCUS-I Nicator dies.  King of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, co-king with son Antiochus from 292, a popular ruler, stabbed to death by Ptolemy Keraunos in Thrace.
ANTIOCHUS-I sole rule until 261Revolt breaks out in Syria.  Empire begins to disintegrate.
281 B76 8-378, 16-503,
BI+N 125, CAH 7.1-413, 8, CDCC 804, CHJ 2, ISBE 1-385, 144, Jud 3-73, LEWH 90, OCD 71, RAI2, RAI3, bk, frH, hifiSl, lvA, lvA1, wikA1     280 Dur 2-555, GHH, IDB 1-149, LEWH 93, MCAW
c.281 ANTIOCHUS-I, king of Syria / Babylonia 281-61, forced to make peace with Ptolemy Keraunos, renounces all ambitions west of straits. 281 OCD 71, wikA1
c.280 ARMENIA, under Seleucus-I from ?, set up its own monarchy. 280 Dur 2-578, anan
c.280 Syrian War of Succession begins until 279.  Troops in north Syria, mostly at Apamea, mutiny. 280 CHJ 2-53, CAH 7.1-415
c.280 APAMEA Syria, under Seleucids from ?, rebels with help of Ptolemy-II Philadelphus.  Hostilities until 279. 280 B76 8-380, LEWH 93, lvA1
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are several APAMEAs:  in Phrygia:  in Lydia:  on the Euphrates:  on the OrontesApamea Myriea in Bithynia.
c.280 1st SYRO / EGYPT WAR begins until 279.  Ptolemy-II Philadelphus conducts a brief successful war against Antiochus-I mostly in Anatolia, but also in Levant. 280 CAH 7.1-145, CHJ 2, ISBE 1-144, 3-1049, lvFSW, lvPt2
c.279 1st SYRO / EGYPT WAR from 280 suspended until 275Ptolemy-II Philadelphus keeps Anatolian possessions: Ionia, Caria, Lycia, Pamphylia, and parts of Cilicia. 279 B76 8-379, ISBE 3-1049, lvA1, lvFSW
c.279 SELEUCUS, 1st son of Antiochus-I, appointed viceroy of the east until 268/7. 280 B76 I-423     279 wikA1
c.279 Antiochus-I, king of Syria / Babylonia 281-61 supports Sparta. 279 TAG 160
c.278 PEACE SETTLEMENT in Anatolia made between ANTIGONUS-II Gonatas honcho of Greece, and ANTIOCHUS-I, king of Syria / Babylonia 281-61, who renounces claim to Macedonia.  They make a defensive agreement with against Ptolemy-III 279 B76 I-423
278 CAH 7.1-256, OCD 69, 71, atl3
c.277 ANTIOCHUS-I, king of Syria / Babylonia 281-61 and vassal PHILATAERUS of Pergamum are occupied with CELTS until 275. 277 B76 8-380, OCD 814
c.275 1st SYRO / EGYPT WAR, suspended 279, resumes until 271PTOLEMY-II Philadelphus invades south Syria.  Defeated by ANTIOCHUS-I. 276 ISBE 3-1049, LEWH 93, OCD 896
275 B76 I-423, BI+N 125, RAH 382, bihi, wikA1     274 B76 IX-747, 8-380, 15-182, CAH 7.1-416, CHJ 2, OCD 71, OHG, frH, lvA1, wikSW
c.275 ANTIOCHUS-I Soter, Seleucid king of Syria/Babylonia 281-61 allies with Magas, king of Cyrenaica against Ptolemy-II. 275 CAH 7.1, lvFSW     264 GHH
c.274 SELEUCIA on the Tigris founded by Antiochus-I Soter. 274 RAI3 415
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are 4 SELEUCIAs:  Trachea in Cilicia, Pieria on the Orontes, on the Euphrates, and on the Tigris.
c.273 Ptolemaic ships, attacks Seleucid ports, forces Antiochus-I Soter to retreat. 273 lvFSW
c.273 Poet ARATOS of Soli, at court of Antigonus-II Gonatas from 276, goes over to Antiochus-I Soter until ?. 273
TAG 223
c.272 PHOENICIA, Syria south of the Eleutherus River, under Seleucids from 301, taken by PTOLEMY-II Philadelphus until 257. 273/2 B76 I-423     272 TTPC 25
no date: LEWH 96
c.271 1st SYRO / EGYPT WAR from 275 ends.  Ptolemy-II reconquers territories.  2nd 266. 272 LEWH 93, lvFSW     272/1 CHJ 2
271 B76 IX-747, 8-380, CAH 7.1-416, ISBE 3-1049, OCD 71, OHG, frH, lvA1, wikSW     270 B76 15-182, ISBE 1-144
c.268 ANTIOCHUS-I Soter, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 281-61 suspects son Seleucus of treachery, goes to Babylonia. 268 lvA1
c.267 ANTIOCHUS-I Soter returns from Babylonia to Syria. 267 guess
c.266 Λ 2nd SYRO / EGYPT WAR, dormant from 271, begins until 254/3.
ANTIOCHUS-I Soter, king of Syria 281-61 war with PTOLEMY-II Philadelphus until 261.
266 B76 8-380 263 OCD 71 260 B76 IX-747, frH, bihi
c.262 ANTIOCHUS-I Soter marches from Syria to Anatolia until death 261. 262 wikA1
c.261 ANTIOCHUS-I Soter dies.  Seleucid king of Syria/Babylonia from 281, age 64, killed fighting Celts in Galatia.  Son age 24, ANTIOCHUS-II Theos succeeds until 246. 262 Dur 2-555     262/1 B76 I-423, BHS 1-168, CHJ 2, TAG 315     261 B76 I-423, 8-380, 11-989, CAH 7.1-212, 8, CDCC 803, DGRBM 1-196, DGRG 1-928, IDB 1-149, ISBE 1-144, OHG, anan, bk, frH, hifiSl, lvA1, wikP
c.261 2nd SYRO / EGYPT WAR 266-54/3, won by PTOLEMY-II Philadelphus in 1st half, suspended until 260. 261
B76 8-380
c.260 SAMES-I, satrap of Commagene from 290, ends.  ARSAMES-I succeeds until 228. 260 frH, wikLrC
c.260 2nd SYRO / EGYPT WAR 266-54/3, suspended from 261, resumed by ANTIOCHUS-II Theos until 254/3 to regain land lost by father.  Attacks Ptolemaic outposts in Anatolia.  Eumenes-I of Pergamum is allied with Ptolemy. 260 B76 IX-747, 15-182, CAH 7.1, CDCC 857, CHJ 2, ISBE 3-1049, LEWH 93, 96, MCAW, OHG, lvA, lvPt2, lvSSW, wikSW     259 B76 I-423
c.260 ANTIGONUS-II Gonatas, king of Macedonia 276-39, allies with ANTIOCHUS-II Theos until 255 to expel PTOLEMY-II Philadelphus from the Aegean. 260 OCD 70 259 lvPt2
259 lvSSW
c.260 ARDAVASDES (Orontes-III), Seleucid satrap of Armenia from 317, ends.  SAMUS, satrap of Commagene from 290, succeeds until 243.  ARSAMES-I becomes satrap of Commagene (also Sophene) until 228. 280 lvArm     260 hystn, lvArm, rcCau, rcT, wikLAK, wikRCmg
254/3 2nd SYRO / EGYPT WAR from 266, resumed from 260, suspended until 246ANTIOCHUS-II Theos, having regained most of Anatolian coastland, but not Lycia, Pergamum, Caria, or south Syria, quits fighting.  Treaty 252. 255 B76 I-423, ISBE 3-1049, LEWH 96
255-3 B76 IX-747, 8-380
253 B76 15-182, CAH 7.1, CDCC 857, CHJ 2, MCAW, OCD 72, 896, OHG, frH, lvA, lvA2, lvSSW, wikSW
c.252 SYRO / EGYPT  Treaty  between ANTIOCHUS-II Theos and PTOLEMY-II Philadelphus. 253 ISBE 1-144, lvPt2
252 BI+N 125, CAH 7.1, Jud 5-1282-3, bk
250 IDB 1-149     249 GHH
c.252 ANTIOCHUS-II Theos, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 261-47, compelled by treaty to put away 1st wife Laodice-I and marry BERENICE Phernephorus, dau of Ptolemy-II Philadelphus (until P-II dies 246)Wedding happens in Phoenicia. 253 B76 I-423, 15-182, CHJ 2-60, 512     252 Jud 5-1282-3, OCD 72, Sdl 5-234, bk, lvA2     250 IDB 1-149, wikPt2
249 DGRBM 1-482, GHH, MCAW     248 DGRBM 2-718
c.246 ANTIOCHUS-II Theos on death of Ptolemy-II Philadelphus, divorces P-II's dau Berenice, and returns to his 1st wife LaodiceBerenice Phernephorus goes to Antioch.  Berenice's bro Prolemy-III therefore invades Seleucid dominions. 247 DGRBM 1-482
246 CHJ 2-512, lvA2
c.246 Antiochus HIERAX, younger bro of Seleucus-II, king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, sent by S-II to rule with mother LAODICE in Anatolia. 246-1
B76 I-424
c. 246 ANTIOCHUS-II Theos dies.  Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia from 261 poisoned in Ephesus by 1st wife Laodice-I, who hides his death until she has her son Seleucus lined up to take charge.  SELEUCUS-II succeeds until 226.  S-II and his younger bro Antiochus Hierax live in Ephesus. 247 Dur 2-556, hifiSl
246 B76 I-423, IX-41, 8-380, BHS 1-179, BI+N 126, CAH 7.1-208, 212, 420, CAH 8, CDCC 803, CHJ 2, DGRBM 1-194, 2-718, 196, 3-773, IDB 1-149, ISBE 1-144, Jud 3-73, LEWH 93, MCAW, OCD 72, RAI2, RAI3, bk, frH, lvA2, lvA2, lvTSW
From A-II's 2nd marriage, with Berenice Phernephorus, he has a son Antiochus (age 5); they live in Antioch.
c.246 BERENICE Phernephorus, dau of Ptolemy-II & Arsinoe-I, widow of Antiochus-II 252-46, murdered, along with her 5 year old son Antiochus in the grove of Daphne in Antioch, by agents of Laodice-I. 246 B76 I-994, DGRBM 3-773, GHH, ISBE 1-144, Jud 5-1283, LEWH 93, MCAW, lvS2
c.246 Λ 3rd SYRO / EGYPT WAR dormant from 254/3, begins until 241 (called Laodicean War after A-II's first wife, Laodice).  PTOLEMY-III Euergetes attacks SELEUCUS-II and HIERAX in Levant for murder of sis Bernice. 247 TAWH 78     246 B76 I-424, CAH 7.1-208, 420, CDCC 857, CHJ 2-60, GHH, ISBE 3-1049, Jud 5-1283, LEWH 96, OCD 72, OHG, frH, lvA, lvPt3, lvS2, lvTSW, wikSW     245 B76 IX-747
c.246 PTOLEMY-III Euergetes from Phoenicia to south Syria to uphold claims of Berenice Phernephorus, widow of Antiochus-II, for her son Antiochus. 246 CHJ 2-512, DHA 89 245 bihi
c.246 SELEUCIA PIERIA on Mediterranean coast from 300, Seleucid capital from 300, easily taken by Ptolemaic navy, under Ptolemies until 219. 246 DHA 89, 113, lvAnt, lvTSW
taken by S-II: lvS2
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are 4 SELEUCIAs:  Trachea in Cilicia, Pieria on the Orontes, on the Euphrates, and on the Tigris.
c.246 ANTIOCH, Seleucid from 300, easily taken by Ptolemaic navy, under Ptolemy-III until 244. 246 DHA 89, lvAnt, lvTSW
taken by S-II: lvS2
c.246 SELEUCUS-II, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, counterattacks PTOLEMY-III Euergetes, leaving ANTIOCHUS Hierax to become independent ruler in Anatolia. 246
OCD 72
c.246 Ptolemy III goes from Syria to Anatolia. 246 implied
c.246/5 Ptolemy III marches from Ephesus to Syria, to the Euphrates. 246 CAH 7.1 245 bihi
c.245 LAODICE, sis of Seleucus-II and Antiochus Hierax marries Mithridates-II of Pontus.  Phrygia is awarded to him as a marriage gift. 245 lvS2
c.245 PTOLEMY-III Euergetes forced to return from Babylon to Syria because Antigonus-II Gonatas is intervening in Egypt's Aegean possessions. 245 bihi, lvPt3
c.244 By the beginning of 244, Ptolemy-III, now in Syria, is no match for all his enemies at once.  He must buy off one of them.  He chooses Antigonus-II, and sends Sostratos of Knidos as envoy. 244 TAG 386
c.244 SELEUCUS-II, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, begins a series of campaigns in Syria, for which he is named Callinicus "Famous Conqueror". 244
TAG 386
c.244 ANTIOCH, under Ptolemy-III from 246, recovered by Seleucus-II, becomes his military headquarters, remains Seleucid until 83, except for usurper in 145. 244
DHA 90
c.243 PTOLEMY-III Euergetes-I in Syria from 245, recalled by revolt in Egypt. 243 DGRBM 3-588, TTPC
c.243 SAMUS, Seleucid satrap of Armenia (also in Commagene and Sophene) from 260, ends.  ARSAMES succeeds (also in Commagene and Sophene) until 228. 243 wikLAK
c.242 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, again extends his power to the Euphrates, founds CALLINICUM on previous city of Nicephorium. 242 DGRBM 3-773
c.241 ANTIOCHUS Hierax ruling part of Anatolia with mother LAODICE 246-?, sends army into Syria, supposedly to help Seleucus-II, but actually to sieze Syria. 241
B76 I-424
c. 241 3rd SYRO / EGYPT WAR from 246 (called Laodicean War), ends in peace treaty, because of HIERAX troops from Anatolia attack PTOLEMY-III Euergetes.   Ptolemies have gained Syrian coast, including Seleucia Pieria, but lose some Aegean possessionsAntiochus HIERAX, and PTOLEMY-III Euergetes sign treaty in Coele-Syria.   4th 219 241 B76 I-424, IX-747, CAH 7.1-208, 420, CDCC 857, CHJ 2-60, ISBE 3-1049, LEWH 96, OHG, RAH 382, bk, frH, lvA, lvPt3, lvS2, lvTSW, wikPt3, wikSW     240 BI+N 126
c.240 MELITENE on Anatolia / Syria border, under Seleucids from 301, comes under Egypt until 194. 240 rcT
c.240 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus invades Egypt. 242 lvS2     240 bihi
240 /39 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, tries to recover Anatolia.  Thwarted by bro, ANTIOCHUS HieraxWar of the Brothers brgins until 236.  Hierax is successful but loses his territories to Attalus-I of Pergamum. 242 GHH
240 lvS2
240/39 CAH 7.1
239 B76 I-424, OCD 72
c.239 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, makes  10 year truce  with PTOLEMY-III Euergetes-I. 239 DGRBM 3-773
c.239 STRATONICE-II, dau of Antiochus-I, recently divorced from Demetrius-II Aetolicus, sails from Macedonia to Syria. 239 DGRBM 3-925
239/8 STRATONICE-II, dau of Antiochus-I, and sis of A-II,, who had been queen of Macedonia (married to Demetrius-II) returns to nephew Seleucus, who refuses to marry her.  She plots with nephew Antiochus Hierax and attempts an insurrection at Antioch.  Seleucus returns.  Stratonice flees to Seleucia Pieria. 239/8 DGRBM 3-925, lvS2
238 atl3
235 BHS 1-237
227 DHA 91
c.238 Dau of Antiochus-I, and sis of A-II, STRATONICE-II executed by Seleucus-II in Seleucia Pieria. 227
DHA 91
c.237 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, goes from Syria to Persia.  In east until 227. 238 GHH     237 wkbEA
c.237 PHARNAVAZ-I, 1st king of Colchis / Iberia from 299, ends.  Son SAURMAG succeeds until 159. 237 wikCl
234 CEKI 8, hifiGeo
232/1 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, goes from Hyrcania to Bactria, quells rebellion of Diodotus-II. 232/1
B76 9-841
c.229 SELEUCIA PIERIA on Mediterranean coast, under Ptolemies 246-19 declared a free city by Seleucus-II. 229
IDB 4-265
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are 4 SELEUCIAs:  Trachea in Cilicia, Pieria on the Orontes, on the Euphrates, and on the Tigris.
c.228 ARSAMES-I, Seleucid satrap of Commagene and Sophene, from 260, Armenia from 243, ends.  XERXES of Armenia succeeds until 212. 230 lvArm     228 frH, hystn, rcCau, rcT, wikLAK, wikLrC, wikRCmg
c.228 ARMENIA, under Seleucids from 301, independent until 212. 228 hifi
c.228 Antiochus HIERAX, independent ruler in Anatolia from 246, expelled by Attalus-I of PergamumGoes to Syria, tries to raise rebellion against Seleucus-II. 228 LEWH 93, OCD 72
c.228 Antiochus HIERAX goes to Mesopotamia.  Tries to raise the east against Seleucus-II 228 lvS2
c.227 SELEUCUS-II Callinicus in east from 237, in Mesopotamia 227, returns to Syria. 227
CAH 7.1-213
c.226 1st son of Antiochus-II + Laodice-I, SELEUCUS-II Callinicus dies.  King of Syria/Babylonia from 246, in Syria, dies of a fall from his horse.  Son by Laodice-II, SELEUCUS-III Ceranus succeeds until 223. 226 B76 IX-41, BI+N 126, CHJ 2, DHA 91, Dur 2-556, IDB 4-267, ISBE 1-144, LEWH 93, RAI2, RAI3, anan, bk, frH, hifiSl     226/5 CAH 7.1-429, CAH 8, CDCC 803     225 B76 8-380, lvS2, wikP
c.224 SELEUCUS-III marches from Syria to Anatolia to fight Attalus-I of Pergamum. 224 guess
c.223 Son of Seleucus-II, SELEUCUS-III Ceranus dies.  King of Syria/Babylonia from 226 poisoned in a conspiracy in Anatolia by army officers Aparturios and Nicanor. 223 B76 IX-41, 1-825, 993, 8-380, BI+N 126, CAH 7.1-434, 8, CDCC 803, CHJ 2-64, DGRBM 2-410, DHA 91, Dur 2-556, IDB 1-149, 4-267, ISBE 1-144, Jud 3-73, OCD 72, OHG, RAH 383, bk, frH, hifiSl     222 CDCC 53, RAI3, lvS3
Bro age 15, ANTIOCHUS-III Megas succeeds until 187Carian HERMIAS, civil and financial administrator, is main power behind throne until 220.
c.223 MOLON put in charge of Media, and his bro ALEXANDER put in charge of Persis by Antiochus-III Megas until 222. 224 DGRBM 1-122 223 CAH 7.1-434, wikAl
c.222 LAODICE-III, dau of Mithidates-II of Pontus is conveyed by Admiral Diognetus from Pontus to Seleucia on the Tigris. 222 DGRBM 1-1024
c.222 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, marries cousin LAODICE-III, dau of Mithidates-II of Pontus. 222 DGRBM 2-719, 1095, GHH, lvA3, lv4SW, wikA3, wikLd3
c.222 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, sets out for campaign against Ptolemaic possessions in Syria. 222 B76 1-993
221 BHS 1-307, lvPt4
c.222 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria/Babylonia 223-187, learns of rebellion of MOLON governor of Media and ALEXANDER governor of Persis.  On advice of vizir Hermias, Antiochus splits his forces, sending some against Ptolemaic Syria, and generals Xenon and Theodotos to march east against the rebels.  Both Seleucid armies are defeated. 222 B76 1-993, DGRBM 3-1072, GHH
no date: wikA3
c.221 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas, against advice of Hermias, marches east against rebels in Media and Persis. 221 CAH 7.1-434, wikA3
c.221 EUPHORION of Chalcis, student of Lacydes and Prytanis, poet, gramarian, goes from Athens to Syria. 221 DGRBM 2-97
c.221 ATTALUS-I, ruler of Pergamum 241-197, war with Seleucids in Anatolia from 224 ends. 221
LEWH 93
c.220 ARMENIA divided into Armenia proper and Armenia Sophene.  Both are under Artashesid rulers, names unknown until 210. 220 hifi
c.220 NISIBIS visited by Antiochus-III, refounded as Antiochia Mygdonia, but the name doesn't stick. 222-20 lvA3 220 lvA
c.220 ATROPATENE (northwest Media), independent under Artabarzanes from ?, conquered by army of Antiochus-III, becomes a Seleucid province. 220 B76 1-993, DGRBM 1-196, 368
c.220 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas, returning west from Media, learns of rebellion of Syrian ACHAEUS in Anatolia. 220
CAH 7.1-434
c.220 Carian HERMIAS, finance administrator of Antiochus-III Megas, murdered by physician Apollophanes on orders of Antiochus. 220 GHH
no date: DGRBM 2-411
c.220 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, in east from ?, returns from Media to Syria. 220 B76 1-993, wikA3
c.220 EUPHORION of Chalcis, student of Lacydes and Prytanis, poet, gramarian, flourishes mostly in Athens, but is now invited by ANTIOCHUS-III Megas to the court of Syria. 221 wikEC 220 CAH 7.1
c.219 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 decides not to attack Achaeus, but to recover lands lost by bro, attacks Seleucia Pieria, bribes some officers, gains control. 219
B76 1-993, IDB 4-265
c.219 SELEUCIA PIERIA on the Orontes, under Ptolemies from 246, reconquered by Antiochus-III Megas.  While there, he receives a written invitation to invade Coele-Syria from Theodotos, Ptolemaic governor at Ptolemais. 219 1&2BM 149, CAH 7.1-435, CHJ 2-64, DHA 90, IDB 4-265, ISBE 4-339, lv4SW, lvA, lvA3, wikSW
CONFUSION ALERT!  There are 4 SELEUCIAs:  Trachea in Cilicia, Pieria on the Orontes, on the Euphrates, and on the Tigris.
c.219 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas leaves heavy troops to continue siege of Brochi, takes light troops and marches toward Ptolemais. 220
BHS 1-313
c.219 Λ 4th SYRO / EGYPT WAR, begins until 217Antiochus-III Megas takes personal command against Ptolemaic possessions in Levant. 221 CAH 7.1-431, 434, LEWH 93, 97, bihi
219 B76 IX-747, 1-993, 8-380, CAH 7.1, CDCC 857, CHJ 2-64, ISBE 3-1049, MCAW, OCD 72, OHG, RAH 383, lv4SW, lvA, lvA3, lvG, wikSW
c.219 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 invades Phoenicia.  Away from Syria until 217. 219 bk
c. 217 ANTIOCHUS-III's ARMY comprises, besides a phalanx of 20,000 men (mainly Greco-Macedonians), a nucleus of 5,000 Iranians and Cilicians armed like select troops, about 10,000 natives armed in the Macedonian manner, 2,000 Persian and Agrianian archers and slingers, 1,000 Thracians, about 5,000 Medes (and Iranians in general), distinct from the first group of Iranians in not being select troops, about 10,000 Arabs, 5,000 Greek mercenaries, 2,500 Cretans and Neo-Cretans, 500 Lydian lancers and 1,000 Cardacians.  This is divided into heavy infantry and light.  After that is 6,000 cavalry and 102 elephants. 217 CAH 7.1- 190
c.217 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas, king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, in south from 219, fears aggression by Achaeus, makes 4 month truce, withdraws to Seleucia Pieria. 218 BHS 1-314
c.217 PTOLEMY-IV Philopator, king of Egypt 222-05, invades Seleucid territory. 217 CAH 7.1
c.217 4th 4th SYRO / EGYPT WAR from 219, ends.  Antiochus-III, now at Antioch, cedes Coele-Syria.  5th 202. 217 CAH 7.1-431, CDCC 857, CHJ 2, ISBE 3-1049, LEWH 93, 97, MCAW, OHG, bihi, lvA, lvPt4, wikSW
216 B76 IX-747, 1-993, 8-380
217/16 ANTIOCHUS-III, spends winter rebuilding his army and preparing to cross the Taurus Mts. 217/16 BHS 1-320
c.216 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 crosses Taurus Mts. into Anatolia, comes to terms with Attalus-I of Pergamum, in Anatolia until 213. 216
CAH 7.1-440, wikA3
c.216 ATTALUS-I of Pergamum and ANTIOCHUS-III Megas unite against Syrian rebel ACHAEUS in Anatolia. 216 CAH 8, lvA3
c.213 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas, in Anatolia from 216, returns to Syria. 213 guess
c.212 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, goes to Armenia until 211. 212 BHS 2-16, CAH 7.1-215, DGRBM 1-354
c.212 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas marches on ARSAMOSATA, capital of Armenia, prepares siege, but king Xerxes submits quickly, and is given lenient terms.  Xerxes pays back taxes and marries Antiochis, sis of Antiochus-III. 212
BHS 2-16, CAH 8-140
c.212 ARMENIA, independent from 228, reconquered by ANTIOCHUS-III MegasSeleucid until 190, not annexed until 200. 212 CAH 8-140, wikA3
211 LEWH 51
c.212 XERXES ends.  ruler of Armenia, Commagene and Sophene, from 228 ends.  Abdisar succeeds and ends.  Son of Arsames-I, ORONTES (Yervand)-IV succeeds as Seleucid satrap until 200. 212 hystn, lvArm, rcCau, wheAD, wikLAK, wikO4, wikRCmg 201 rcT
c.211 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 sails army down Euphrates, in east until 205/4. 212 GHH     211/0 CAH 8-140     210 BHS 2-17
Seleucid Empire
Seleucid Empire c.206.       Map Talessman
c.209 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 reaches Media, which is still governed by the Diogenes who had replaced Molon. 209
BHS 2-17
205/4 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, in east from 209, marches west from Mesopotamia, arrives back in Syria, celebrates great triumph in Seleucia Pieria. 205 DGRBM 1-197, OHG
205/4 BHS 2-24, 47, CAH 8-142
205/4 PHILIP-V, king of Macedonia 221-179 and ANTIOCHUS-III Megas secretly agree to divide the Ptolemaic EmpireSyria to get most. 205 lvPt5
203/2 Sdl 5-235 202 BHS 2-30, ISBE 3-1049
204/3 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, sets out to recover western Anatolia. 204 or 3 CAH 8-244
c.202 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, in Anatolia from 204/3, returns to Syria. 202 guess
c.202 ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, invades Ptolemaic COELE-SYRIA. 202
CAH 8-151, CHJ 2-71
c.202 Λ 5th SYRO / EGYPT WAR begins until 195Antiochus-III Megas invades Coele-Syria. 203 OHG     202 B76 IX-747, CAH 7.1-435, CDCC 857, CHJ 2-70, lv5SW, lvA, lvA3, lvG, lvPt5, wikSW
201 LEWH 93, 97, bihi
c.201 COMMAGENE, under satrap Orontes-IV of Armenia from 212, becomes Seleucid satrapy until 163, Son of king Orontes-IV of Armenia, PTOLEMAEUS becomes satrap until 163. 201 wikKC, wikRCmg

Syria / Armenia 200-100
V